This PPT is based on MA Semester 4 Presentation on Research Methodology, Presented at the Department of English, MKBU. The topic of this Presentation is 'Defining Plagiarism : Types and Solutions to avoid it in Research Writing.

2. Defining
Plagiarism : Types
and Solutions to
avoid it in
Research writing

3. Academic Details :-
Presented by :- Hetal Pathak
Roll No. :- 09
Enrollment no. :- 4069206420220022
Semester :- 4 (M.A.)
Paper no. :- 209
Paper code :- 22416
Paper name :- Research Methodology
Topic :- Plagiarism : Concept, Types, Solutions and Maintaining
Academic Integrity
Submitted to :- Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English, M.K.B.U
E-mail :- hetalpathak28@gmail.com

4. Table of contents
Introduction
01
Types
03
Defining
Plagiarism
02
Guidelines for
avoiding
Plagiarism
04

5. Introduction
Plagiarism is often associated with copying or appropriating someone
else’s original ideas. However, phrases like ‘copying’ and ‘borrowing’
might obscure the gravity of the crime. Plagiarism occurs when you
claim credit for someone else’s words or ideas as your own. It is
basically intellectual thievery. (Kumar)
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else’s work without crediting
them. one must place quote marks around other people’s words, credit
sources and also offer citations when adopting other people’s ideas, even
if one paraphrasing them. Plagiarism and idea theft were rampant in
every creative disciplines. (Kumar)

6. Origin of the word Plagiarism
Barnhart traces the Etymology of the word - Plagiarism, derived from the Latin word
‘Plagarius’ means kidnapper, plunderer or literary thief, from plagium ( kidnapping) from
plaga ( snare, net). (Barnhart)
Plagiarism involves literary theft, stealing ( by copying) the words or ideas of someone else
and passing them off as one’s own without crediting the source. Plagiarism is not a new
phenomenon. Copying from the other writers is probably as old as writing itself, but until
the advent of mass - produced writing, it remained hidden from the public gaze. (Park)
According to Thomas Mallon (1989) in his book ‘Stolen words : Forays into the Origins and
Ravages of Plagiarism, the Elizabethan playwright Ben Johnson was the first person to use
the word plagiary to mean literary theft, at the beginning of the 17th century. (Mallon)

7. Definitions of Plagiarism
According to Cambridge Dictionary, “ Plagiarism means the process or practice
of using another person’s ideas or work and pretending that it is your own.”
(“PLAGIARISM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary”)
According to Collins Dictionary, “Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying
someone else’s idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.’’
(“PLAGIARISM definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary”)
Plagiarism in Research - The complete Guide [E-book] explains that Plagiarism can
be described as the not so subtle art of stealing an already existing work, violating the
principles of academic integrity as well as fairness. (D and Dogra)
“It can be defined as representing a part of or the entirety of someone else’s
work as your own. Whether published or unpublished, this could be ideas, text
verbatim, infographics etc. It is no different in the academic writing either.’’
(D and Dogra)

8. What is Plagiarism?
In the book of MLA Handbook for writers of Research
Pdf, It says that ;
‘Plagiarism involves two kinds of wrongs.Using another
person's ideas, information, or expression without
acknowledging that person's work constitutes intellectual theft.
Passing off another person's ideas, information, or expressions
as your own to get a better grade or gain some other advantage
constitutes fraud. Plagiarism is sometimes a moral and ethical
offense rather than a legal one since some instances of
plagiarism fall outside the scope of copyright infringement, a
legal offense.’ (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers )

9. Types of Plagiarism
Plagiarism can be defined in many ways. Here are some of the Types of
Plagiarism.
1.Intentional or Unintentional :-
Intentional Plagiarism occurs when the author deliberately or intentionally or
knowingly copies entire text, paragraph or data and present it as its own.
Unintentional plagiarism occurs when the author either is not aware of such
researches as well as unaware of the ethics in writing or does not know how
to cite and thus present similar articles. (Roka)

10. 2. Mosaic / patch writing :- This plagiarism occurs when a new author uses the previous
article text by replacing , recording or rephrasing the words or sentences to give it new
look without acknowledging the original author. The American Medical Association
Manual of style describes Mosaic plagiarism as ;
‘Borrowing the ideas and opinions from an original source and a few verbatian
words or phrase without crediting the original author. In this type of case, the
plagiarist intertwined his or her own ideas and opinions with those of the original
author, creating a confused, plagiarized mass.’
3. Self Plagiarism :- This happened when the author has added research on a previously
published article, book, contributed chapter, journal and present it as a new without
acknowledging the first article or taking permissions from the previous publisher.
4. Ghost writing :- In this type of plagiarism the main contributor is not given due
acknowledgement or someone who has not contributed is given due credit.
(Roka)

11. Reasons of Plagiarism :-
● Lack of awareness of plagiarism
● Lack of training in report writing and citing
● Lack of time management skills
● Academic pressure
● Peer pressure
● Unawareness of adequate citation Methods

12. How to avoid plagiarism :-
❏ Use Your own words and ideas
❏ Give credit for paraphrased material
❏ Avoid using others’ work with minor cosmetic change
❏ Beware of common knowledge
❏ When in doubt, cite (Kumar)

13. Few Guidelines for avoiding Plagiarism :-
Uniqueness is the key to keeping work apart from the rest of the world. Unique ideas
grow each time as it is the outcome of reading and study that promotes self -
development and creates a better view for further studies. Here are few guidelines that
may help in avoiding plagiarism.
Guideline 1 :- Writers must acknowledge the value of contributors to their work.
Guideline 2 :- Text taken from any source must be placed between quotation marks with
an in - text citation.
Guideline 3 :- While summarizing someone else’s work, one must ensure that the
original text’s meaning remains same.
Guideline 4 :- While facing a dilemma about whether a fact is commonly known, refer
to the source of information.
Guideline 5 :- Note takings is a good habit. Before beginning with the topic, write
references instead of copying from others. (Maurya)

14. References
Barnhart, Robert K. Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. Mobius, 1999.
D, Deeptanshu, and Shubham Dogra. “Plagiarism in Research explained: The complete Guide.” Typeset.io, 22
September 2022, https://typeset.io/resources/the-only-plagiarism-guide-you-will-need/. Accessed 2 April
2024.
Kumar, Dr.Harish. “Plagiarism Overview: What A Research Scholar Should Know.” International Journal of
Health Sciences and Research, vol. 12, no. 7, July 2022, https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220734. Accessed 2
April 2024.
Mallon, Thomas. Stolen words : Forays Into the Origins and Ravages of Plagiarism. Ticknor & Fields, 1989.
Accessed 2 April 2024.
Maurya, Anuradha. “(PDF) Plagiarism in Research: Problems and its Solutions.” ResearchGate, 13 February 2024,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374207896_Plagiarism_in_Research_Problems_and_its_Solutions.
Accessed 3 April 2024.

15. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Modern Language Association of America, 2009. Accessed 3 April 2024.
Park, Chris. “In Other (People's) Words: plagiarism by university students—literature and lessons.” Lancaster University,
October 2003, https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/people/gyaccp/caeh_28_5_02lores.pdf. Accessed 2 April 2024.
“PLAGIARISM definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary.” Collins Dictionary,
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/plagiarism. Accessed 2 April 2024.
“PLAGIARISM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary,
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/plagiarism. Accessed 2 April 2024.
Roka, Yam. “(PDF) Plagiarism: Types, Causes and How to Avoid This Worldwide Problem.” ResearchGate, December 2017,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326259880_Plagiarism_Types_Causes_and_How_to_Avoid_This_Worldwid
e_Problem. Accessed 3 April 2024.

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