The document provides a comprehensive overview of plagiarism, defining it as the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or expressions without proper attribution, and highlights its serious implications for academic integrity. It outlines various types of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism and direct plagiarism, and offers guidance on avoiding these pitfalls through proper citation practices. The document emphasizes the importance of developing information literacy skills to uphold academic honesty and mitigate the risks associated with plagiarism.

1. DR MD INTEKHABUR RAHMAN
PROFESSOR & HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
PSYCHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY CO-ORDINATOR
PLAGIARISM DETECTION CENTRE
DIRECTOR , ACADEMIC
B. N. MANDAL UNIVERSITY
LALOO NAGAR
MADHEPURA-BIHAR
PIN-852113

2. PROMOTION OF
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
AND PREVENTION OF
PLAGIARISM
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
FACULTY INDUCTION PROGRAMME
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
B. R. A. BIHAR UNIVERSITY
MZAFFARPUR, BIHAR
842001

4. Plagiarism
प्लेजरिज़म्
साहित्यिक चोरी
‫چوری‬ ‫ادبی‬

5.  The act of copying another person’s ideas,
words or work and pretending they are our own;
something that has been copied in this way
 ककसी क
े विचारों, शब ्दों िा कृ ति को अपना बिा कर प्रिोग
करने की कििा; इस प्रकार चोरी ककए गए विचार आहद

6.  What is Plagiarism?
Many people think of plagiarism as copying
another's work or borrowing someone else's
original ideas. But terms like "copying" and
"borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the
offense:

7.  According to the Merriam-Webster online
dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of
another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting
the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or
product derived from an existing source
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It
involves both stealing someone else's work and
lying about it afterward.

8. Can words and ideas really be stolen?
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The
expression of original ideas is considered
intellectual property and is protected by copyright
laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of
expression fall under copyright protection as long as
they are recorded in some way (such as a book or a
computer file).

9. All of the following are considered plagiarism:
 turning in someone else's work as our own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure
of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that
it makes up the majority of our work, whether we
give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

10.  Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided,
however, by citing sources. Simply
acknowledging that certain material has been
borrowed and providing our audience with the
information necessary to find that source is
usually enough to prevent plagiarism.

11. What about images, videos, and music?
Using an image, video or piece of music in a work we have
produced without receiving proper permission or
providing appropriate citation is plagiarism.
The following activities are very common in today’s society.
Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.
 Copying media (especially images) from other websites
to paste them into our own papers or websites.
 Making a video using footage from others’ videos or
using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
 Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e.,
playing a cover).
 Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from
another composition.

12. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be
challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a
work are being violated. For example:
 A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example:
using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on
one’s website)
 Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video
is playing in the background.
 Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example:
shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and
subject matter as someone else’s photograph)
 Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example:
making a painting that closely resembles another person’s
photograph).
 Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio,
even if done so in an original way.

13.  The legality of these situations, and others,
would be dependent upon the intent and context
within which they are produced.
 The two safest approaches to take in regards to
these situations is:
 1) Avoid them altogether or
 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and
cite them properly.

14. Plagiarism Definition
The Merriam Webster dictionary defines the act of
plagiarism as;
 “to steal and pass off ideas or words of another as one’s
own”.
 Simply put, plagiarism is the process of taking other
people’s words and/or ideas and pretending that they are
our own.
An alternative definition of plagiarism is forwarded by the
Collins Dictionary which explains that:
 plagiarism is the practice of using someone else’s work
and pretending that it is our own.
Plagiarism can also be defined as :
 the act of deliberately trying to deceive our academic
tutor by submitting content which is not our own work.

15. Has Plagiarism Been Getting Worse in Recent
Years?
 In recent years, chiefly due to the popularity of
over the internet assignment purchases,
plagiarism has gotten worse. There has been a
spike in plagiarism across much of the academic
institutions. Indeed in the last 3 years alone,
50,000 students have been caught plagiarizing.

16. Why does it matter?
Plagiarism is a serious problem. If you as a student are
caught plagiarising it can have serious
consequences for your future academic and work
career. Aside from the disciplinary perspective,
plagiarism also harms the extent to which you as a
student can learn whilst in years of academic study.
When you cheat through plagiarism you are ultimately
cheating yourself as you have spoiled the chance to
learn and develop your knowledge on a specific subject.
This learning and development skill set could stand you
in good stead for later life so from all perspectives,
plagiarism is something which should be avoided at all
costs.

17. Common Ways that
Research
scholars/Students
Plagiarize

18.  Handing in an Essay That You Didn’t Write
Typically, the most common trap students fall into is finding an
essay online which concerns a similar research topic to
which they have been working on and submitting it. Offline,
some students have also relied on individuals from their peer
groups to write their academic essay for them. In either case,
these are examples of plagiarism. Chiefly because the
words, ideas and critical arguments contained in those
essays are not the work of the individual submitting it.
Furthermore, it is important to note that with the ever-
increasing number of essay answer websites, the issue of
handing in an essay that was written by somebody else has
proliferated hugely in recent years. Doing this is easily
detectable by academic tutors as they are used to receiving
your work written in your own individual style, so it is
immediately noticeable when a new writing style appears.

19.  Copy Words or Ideas from Someone Else’s
Work, Without Giving Credit
Often in the process of completing academic work, a
student will come across an idea or line of work
within the existing literature which answers their
essay or research question almost exactly. Students
often use such sources verbatim without giving due
credit to the original author of the ideas and work. To
avoid falling into this particular trap, students should
consider revising how to reference academic
content effectively, which is another service the
Viper software provides.

20.  Failing to Put a Quote in Quotation Marks
Some academic students also fall foul of not putting quotes in
quotation marks therefore it appears that they have simply
copied the work without giving credit to the original author.
When a student takes material from books and academic
journals and use it word for word, verbatim, they must ensure
that they implement quotation marks. It is not enough to copy
a large section of text and give a reference – you also need
to use quotation marks to illustrate that it is a direct quote.
This form of plagiarism although seemingly easy to
counteract occurs highly frequently in the world of academia
as it is much easier and quicker to insert quotes without
referencing them appropriately. Unfortunately, by doing this, it
detracts massively from the students work and also results in
them being viewed as untrustworthy and inauthentic by the
academic institution which they are studying in.

21.  Giving Incorrect Information About the Source of
a Quotation
When researching a book or academic journal, it can
often be tempting for students to utilize the source
list cited by these works to overstate the level of
reading which they have carried out. Unless the
student has actually read some of the pieces cited in
the source lists of these original texts, this can also
be considered as an element of plagiarism. This is
because the student has misrepresented the true
extent of their readership outside the classroom and
as in-depth reading is an area where a student can
attain higher marks, this constitutes a clear act of
plagiarism.

22.  Copying Sentence Structure, But Changing Words
Around, Without Giving Credit
It is also not enough to simply reword what another
academic author has said without reworking the
structure of their critical arguments. This is still
considered plagiarism in the world of academia because
the student is still guilty of copying the structure of the
authors arguments which is a key element of their
delivery of ideas. Moreover, how a sentence is
structured is vital to the point the author is trying to put
across or the analytical comment in which they are
trying to advance. It is therefore important for the
student to showcase that they can restructure the
sentence accordingly to put forward their own original
idea or interpretation.

23.  Copying so Many Words or Ideas From a Source That it
Makes up the Majority of Your Work, Whether You Give Credit
or Not
Some students stream large parts of their essay from the work of
existing authors in the field. Despite giving proper credit through
referencing, most of their work is still composite of other people’s
ideas and critical arguments and the students own critical insights
regarding the subject matter never emerge. It is important for the
student to demonstrate that they have the capacity to interpret the
complex research topic and rely on their own analytical skills to
advance critical comment. This is where the student can receive
high marks because in the world of academia, the disproportionate
number of marks are earned through the researcher being able to
critically analyze the theory in which they are studying. If the
researcher copies too many ideas or words from other authors it
conversely demonstrates that they have limited capacity in being
able to advance their own critical viewpoints and judgments.

24.  Self-Plagiarizing
Although it sounds unlikely, a student can also be accused of
plagiarizing their own work and they often are, by using
substantial sections of work streamed from previously
submitted content. The key reason why this act is considered
plagiarism is because a student cannot be awarded two
grades/degrees for the same piece of work. Self-plagiarism is
a key issue in the modern world of schools, colleges and
universities as curriculums are becoming larger and larger
thus increasing the risk of crossover with respect to certain
subjects. Therefore, there is a high level of temptation for
students to simply rely on the work which they have
previously completed on the same subject or topic. In many
cases students are not aware that this constitutes an act of
plagiarism because they are the original author of the piece
of work. However it is, and the penalty is just as severe as
would be the case with any of the other methods of
plagiarism listed in this section.

25.  Who Cares if I Plagiarize?
You Should. There are also a variety of other
stakeholders to consider when you cheat as a
student such as your academic institution and future
employers.

26.  There are two core, fundamental reasons why students
should not plagiarize academic content:
 Plagiarism is stealing: Stealing other people’s work ideas,
critical arguments and sentence structure. Morally, it is a
similar act to stealing a car or anything else. The concept
remains the same. As a student, if somebody else stole your
ideas, how would you feel?
 Plagiarism represents information illiteracy: If you plagiarize
somebody else’s work, you are implying that you are
incapable of expressing your own thoughts and ideas in an
eloquent enough manner to attain a high-grade classification.
In essence, being caught plagiarizing is an admission of
illiteracy in handling information which is not an impression
that you want to create as a student. It can also have several
adverse effects with respect to the students ability to enter
gainful employment in the future.

27.  The after effects of being caught plagiarizing are really quite
profound.
 If caught plagiarizing, the immediate outcome is that the
student has proven themselves to be lazy and untrustworthy.
 These attributes are not only immediately detrimental to the
success of their academic pursuits but could also cross over
into their capacity to attain a high paying career in the future.
 From the perspective of a potential employer, there is little
value in recruiting an employee who has already proven
themselves to be lazy and dishonest before they have even
completed a shift for the company.
 It is in no way an act of overstatement to suggest that this
happens, and it very often does as academic referees are
vital in obtaining gainful employment later in life.

28.  Instead, the main aim for modern students should be to attain
information literacy.
 Information literacy is essential in ensuring that students do
not plagiarize academic content.
 This concept is defined as; “knowing when and why you need
information, where to find it, and how to evaluate, use and
communicate it in an ethical manner” (Chartered Institute of
Library and Information Professionals) (CLIP, 2018, p.1).
 An alternative definition of information literacy is the capacity
for students to use source texts as a basis for developing
their own ability to think critically about a subject matter.
 The key benefit to a student developing their capabilities in
the field of information literacy is that they increase their
likelihood of attaining a higher-grade classification at the end
of the academic year.

30. The Common Types of Plagiarism
There are different types of plagiarism and all are
serious violations of academic honesty. We have
defined and discussed the most common types
here.

31. Direct Plagiarism
 Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription
of a section of someone else’s work, without
attribution and without quotation marks. The
deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work is
unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds for
disciplinary actions, including expulsion.

32. Self Plagiarism
 Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his
or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous
works, without permission from all professors
involved.
 For example, it would be unacceptable to
incorporate part of a term paper you wrote in high
school into a paper assigned in a college course.
Self-plagiarism also applies to submitting the same
piece of work for assignments in different classes
without previous permission from both professors.

33.  Self Plagiarism
 Publication of one’s own data that have already
been published is not acceptable since it
distorts scientific record.”

34.  Self Plagiarism
 Self-plagiarized publications do not contribute to
scientific work; they just increase the number of
papers published without justification in
scientific research.

35.  Self Plagiarism
 The authors get benefit in the form of increased
number of published papers.

36.  Self Plagiarism
 Self plagiarism involves dishonesty but not
intellectual theft.

37.  Self Plagiarism
 Roig (Roig M. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism:
What every author should know. Biochem Med
2010;20:295-300.) gave classification of self
plagiarism and divided it into four types:
 (i) Duplicate (redundant) publication,
 (ii) augmented publication,
 (iii) segmented publication, and
 (iv) text recycling.

38.  Self Plagiarism
(i) Duplicate (redundant) publication
 Duplicate publication: When an author submits
identical or almost identical manuscript (same data,
results, and discussion) to two different journals, it is
considered as duplicate (redundant) publication.
 As per COPE guidelines, this is an offense and
editor can take an action as per the COPE flowchart.

39.  Self Plagiarism
 (ii) augmented publication
 Augmented publication: If the author adds additional data to
his/her previously published work and changes title, modifies
aim of the study, and recalculates results, it amounts to
augmented publication.
 Plagiarism detection software usually do not pick it because it
is not same by verbatim.
 This self plagiarism is as such technical plagiarism and is not
considered with same strictness as plagiarism.
 The editor may consider it for publication in the following
three situations:
 If author refers to his/her previous work;
 if ‘methods’ cannot be written in any other form; and
 if author clearly states that new manuscript contains data
from previous publication.

40.  Self Plagiarism
 (iii) segmented publication
 Segmented publication: Also called “Salami-Sliced”
publication.
 In this case, two or more papers are derived from the
same experimental/research/ original work.
 Salami-sliced papers are difficult to detect and usually
are pointed out by reviewers or readers.
 The decision regarding such manuscript is again on
editor’s shoulder.
 The author must be asked to refer to his/her previously
published work and explain reasonably the connection
of the segmented paper to his/her previously published
work

41.  Self Plagiarism
 (iv) text recycling
 Text recycling: If the author uses large portions of
his/her own already published text in his/her new
manuscript, it is called text recycling.
 It can be detected by plagiarism software. It can be
handled as per the COPE guidelines.

42.  Mosaic Plagiarism
 Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows
phrases from a source without using quotation
marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language
while keeping to the same general structure and
meaning of the original.
 Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of
paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is
academically dishonest and punishable – even if
you footnote your source!

43.  Accidental Plagiarism
 Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to
cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or
unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar
words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure
without attribution.
 Students must learn how to cite their sources and to
take careful and accurate notes when doing research.
 Lack of intent does not absolve the student of
responsibility for plagiarism.
 Cases of accidental plagiarism are taken as seriously as
any other plagiarism and are subject to the same range
of consequences as other types of plagiarism.

45.  Cyber plagiarism
Copying or downloading in part or in their entirety
articles or research papers and ideas from the
internet and not giving proper attribution is unethical
and falls in the range of cyber plagiarism.

46.  Image plagiarism
Using an image or video without receiving proper
permission or providing appropriate citation is
plagiarism.
“Images can be tampered on support findings,
promote a specific technique over another to
strengthen the correctness of poorly visualized
findings, remove the defects of an image and to
misrepresent an image from what it really is?

47. 7 common types
of
plagiarism

48. As I have pointed out that
Plagiarism comes in many forms.
These seven types of plagiarism
are the most common:

49. 1 Complete plagiarism
 This overt type of plagiarism occurs when a writer
submits someone else’s work in their own name.
Paying somebody to write a paper for you, then
handing that paper in with your name on it, is an act
of complete plagiarism—as is stealing or “borrowing”
someone’s work and submitting it as your own.
 An example of complete plagiarism is submitting
a research paper for English class that your older
sister wrote and submitted when she took the class
five years ago.

50. 2 Direct plagiarism
 Direct plagiarism is similar to complete plagiarism in
that it, too, is the overt passing-off of another writer’s
words as your own. The difference between the two
is how much of the paper is plagiarized. With
complete plagiarism, it’s the entire paper. With direct
plagiarism, specific sections or paragraphs are
included without crediting (or even acknowledging)
the author.
 An example of direct plagiarism is dropping a line or
two from your source directly into your work without
quoting or citing the source.

51.  3 Paraphrasing plagiarism
 Paraphrasing plagiarism is what happens
when a writer reuses another’s work and
changes a few words or phrases.
 It’s a common type of plagiarism, and many
students don’t even realize it’s a form of
plagiarism.
 But if you’re presenting someone else’s
original idea in your writing without crediting
them, even if you’re presenting it in your
own words, it’s plagiarism.

52.  4 Self-plagiarism
 You might be surprised to find out that you can plagiarize yourself.
 How? After all, your original thoughts are your own to use as you
please . . . right?
 Yes, but with a caveat. Let’s say you wrote an essay about the
pros and cons of changing your city’s zoning laws two years ago,
and now you’re writing a research paper about how adopting
certain zoning laws has impacted other cities in the past decade.
Reusing content from your essay in your research paper would be
an act of self-plagiarism. You can absolutely use the same sources
and if you cite them properly, you don’t have to worry about being
accused of plagiarism.
 Self-plagiarism can be an issue if you write professionally. When
you’re commissioned to write for a client, the client owns that work.
Reusing your own words for subsequent clients is plagiarizing your
own work and can damage your professional reputation (as well as
make your clients look bad).

53. 5 Patchwork plagiarism
 Also known as mosaic plagiarism, patchwork
plagiarism refers to instances where plagiarized
work is interwoven with the writer’s original work.
This kind of plagiarism can be subtle and easy to
miss, and it may happen in conjunction with direct
plagiarism.
 An example of patchwork plagiarism is taking a
clause from a source and embedding it in a
sentence of your own.

54. 6 Source-based plagiarism
 Source-based plagiarism can be a tricky one to
understand. With this kind of plagiarism, the writer
might cite their sources correctly but present the
sources in a misleading way.
 For example, the writer might reference a secondary
source in their work but only credit the primary
source from which that secondary source is derived.
Other examples include citing an incorrect source
and even making up sources.

55. 7 Accidental plagiarism
 Accidental plagiarism is perhaps the most common
type of plagiarism because it happens when the
writer doesn’t realize they are plagiarizing another’s
work. Accidental plagiarism includes the following:
 Forgetting to cite your sources in your work
 Not citing your sources correctly
 Failing to put quotes around cited material
 Even accidental plagiarism is subject to
consequences, such as failing your assignment.

57.  It is generally difficult to detect plagiarism, but
information technology has made available few
websites which can detect/catch plagiarism.

58. Software to detect plagiarism
 Top Free Plagiarism Detection Tools are:
 Dupli Checker. This is one of the most effective free
plagiarism detection tools on the Internet. ...
 Copyleaks. ...
 PaperRater. ...
 Plagiarisma. ...
 Plagiarism Checker. ...
 Plagium. ...
 PlagScan. ...
 PlagTracker.

59. Top 10 Free Plagiarism Detection Tools
Modern technology and the development of Internet have
given us access to tons of information any time we
desire it and from any place on the planet. Original ideas
tend to become rarer and rarer. Everybody seems to be
reproducing other people's ideas and presenting them
as their own. Although this practice is not anything new,
a lot of people might argue that nowadays it has
reached its peak.
I am going to highlight the top 10 free plagiarism detection
tools that will allow eLearning professionals to tackle the
plagiarism nightmare.

60.  1. Dupli Checker
 This is one of the most effective free plagiarism detection tools on
the Internet. While it doesn’t have a fancy interface, it certainly
gets the job done well.
 2. Copyleaks
 This cloud-based authentication platform enables you to track how
eLearning content is being used all around the Internet.
 3. PaperRater
 A multi-purpose free plagiarism detection tool that is used in over
140 countries.
 4. Plagiarisma
 Basic and easy-to-use, multi-purpose plagiarism detection tool that
is used by students, teachers, writers, as well as various members
of the literary industry.
 5. Plagiarism Checker
 User-friendly, entirely free plagiarism detection tool to check
whether content is plagiarized.

62.  Grammarly

63. Paper Rater (PaperRater.com)

64. ProWritingAid

65. Dupli Checker (DupliChecker.com)

66. Quetext

67. Copyscape

68. WhiteSmoke

69. Copyleaks Plagiarism Checker

70. Plagiarism Detector
(plagiarismdetector.net)

71. PlagScan, from Ouriginal

72. Noplag

73. Writer

74. Unicheck

75. Rytr

76. Turnitin

77. Texta.ai

79. Plagiarism detection made easy
Ouriginal is an award-winning software that helps detect and
prevent plagiarism regardless of language. Trusted by
hundreds of educational institutions and corporates across
the globe, Ouriginal brings together the combined expertise
of Urkund and PlagScan, spanning over three decades. It is
simple, reliable and easy to use, combining text-matching
with writing-style analysis to promote academic integrity and
prevent plagiarism.

80. Ouriginal for Higher Education
 Academic honesty and quality of education go hand
in hand. Learn more about how we can help
encourage original thinking and promote integrity
within higher education.

81. Prevent plagiarism and foster academic integrity
at your university
 In academia, teachers and instructors are constantly
trying to ensure that the work submitted by their
students is their own. It is also imperative for
institutions to maintain and protect the quality of
their degrees.
 We can help you achieve these objectives.
Ouriginal’s plagiarism prevention solution supports
academic integrity by helping universities foster an
environment in which fairness sparks personal
development.

83.  Encourage original thinking in your published research
 Having an accurate and efficient plagiarism prevention system established at your
university will encourage your students to create original content and deter them
from taking short-cuts. This in turn will help you maintain your reputation and
integrity.
 Use it with your current learning platform
 Whether you use Moodle, Blackboard, Canvas, Brightspace or any other learning
management system, we have the integration for it. Our powerful web API also
allows for bespoke integrations without needing to change your current workflow.
 Remain in full control of your data
 Ouriginal will not claim ownership of your content or share anything without your
explicit consent. You remain in full control of your data at all times. In addition, we
comply with the principles of GDPR and CCPA which regulates an organization’s
practices for personal data protection.
 Access licensed content
 We are committed to expanding our comprehensive database to ensure it
remains relevant and current for our clients. In addition to open access content
available on the internet, our editorial strategy includes the aggregation of
important scholarly content from academic publishers such as Springer, Taylor &
Francis, Wiley, IEEE and Gale/Cengage.

85.  Benefits of using Ouriginal
 Easy to use
 Ouriginal is adaptable and easily integrated with popular
learning management systems such as Moodle, Blackboard,
D2L/Brightspace, Canvas, Microsoft, and Google Classroom
along with scores of regional solutions and eLearning tools.
 Efficient and accurate
 It delivers accurate analysis reports quickly. Our aim is to
save our users time while providing insights into textual
matches in a reliable and easy-to-understand fashion.
Instead of spending hours manually searching for suspicious
content, Ouriginal provides an efficient similarity check in just
a few clicks. Our solution provides matches that are relevant
and accurate by using premium quality content for
comparisons.

86.  Highly accessible and reliable
 We use multiple servers at independent sites to store
data and run the application. So even if one of them
goes down, our system can continue functioning as
normal. It is designed in a way that there is no single
point of failure.
 Data security
 We take privacy and data security very seriously at
Ouriginal. We treat your documents with absolute
confidentiality and will never grant access to others
without your permission. You always remain in full
control of your data. We also comply with the principles
of GDPR and CCPA which regulate an organization’s
practices for personal data protection.

87.  Customer support
 We have a dedicated team of technical specialists that are experts in the
field and available to answer your queries. They can be easily contacted
via the dedicated customer support number or email. We pride ourselves
in knowing each one of our customers and strive to provide a personal
service.
 Safeguards and promotes academic integrity
 Having an accurate and efficient plagiarism prevention
system established at your university, school or company means you
take academic integrity seriously and shows you care about promoting
original thinking and development among students. Furthermore, it
safeguards your reputation and assures others of the quality of your
degrees and institutional effectiveness.
 Access to the Plagiarism Prevention Pool (PPP)
 Ouriginal offers you access to the PPP. It is an exclusive joint archive that
enables the cross-checking of new submissions with documents already
submitted by other clients. The pool expands constantly because it adds
all submissions from participating institutions and publishers.

89. ShodhShuddhi
 Based on the recommendation of Sub-Committee, National Steering Committee
(NSC) of e-ShodhSindhu, The Ministry of Education, Govt. of India has initiated a
programme "ShodhShuddhi" which provides access to Plagiarism Detection
Software (PDS) to all universities/Institutions in India since Sept 1, 2019. 1000+
institutions are identified which includes
 Central Universities
 State Universities
 Deemed to be University
 Private Universities
 Centrally funded Technical Institutions(CFTIs)
 Inter University Centre (IUCs) of UGC
 Under this initiative, Ouriginal (formerly Urkund) a Web Based Plagiarism
Detection Software system is being provided to all users of universities/Intuitions
in the country. This initiative is formally launched by Former Minister of Education
(formerly MHRD) on September 21, 2019.

90.  6. Plagium
 Basic but fully functional free plagiarism detection tool with
different levels of search.
 7. PlagScan
 Plagiarism detection tool for both individuals and businesses that
checks texts against online content, scientific journals and the
user’s documents as well.
 8. PlagTracker
 Fast free plagiarism detection tool that searches both websites and
academic databases by copying and pasting text, or file uploading.
 9. Quetext
 Basic layout and functional interface that checks against the
Internet, as well as various databases.
 10. Plagiarismhunt
 Online plagiarism checker that checks with 5 different plagiarism
software systems with one click.

92. The following rules related to
Plagiarism shall apply to the
students, faculty, researchers and
staff of all Higher Educational
Institutions in the country.

93. Objectives
 To create awareness about responsible conduct of
research, thesis, dissertation, promotion of academic
integrity and prevention of misconduct including
plagiarism in academic writing among student, faculty,
researcher and staff.
 To establish institutional mechanism through education
and training to facilitate responsible conduct of research,
thesis, dissertation, promotion of academic integrity and
deterrence from plagiarism.
 To develop systems to detect plagiarism and to set up
mechanisms to prevent plagiarism and punish a student,
faculty, researcher or staff of HEI committing the act of
plagiarism.

94. Similarity checks for exclusion from Plagiarism
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following:
 All quoted work reproduced with all necessary permission and/or attribution.
 All references, bibliography, table of content, preface and acknowledgements.
 All generic terms, laws, standard symbols and standards equations.
Note:
The research work carried out by the student, faculty, researcher and staff shall be based on
original ideas, which shall include
 abstract,
 summary,
 hypothesis,
 observations,
 results,
 conclusions and
 recommendations only
and shall not have any similarities. It shall exclude a common knowledge or coincidental
terms, up to fourteen (14) consecutive words.

95. Levels of Plagiarism
Plagiarism would be quantified into following
levels in ascending order of severity for the
purpose of its definition:
 Level 0: Similarities up to 10% – Minor
similarities, no penalty
 Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 40%
 Level 2: Similarities above 40% to 60%
 Level 3: Similarities above 60%

96. Penalties in case of plagiarism in
submission of thesis and dissertations
Institutional Academic Integrity Panel (IAIP) shall impose
penalty considering the severity of the Plagiarism.
 i. Level 0: Similarities up to 10% – Minor Similarities, no
penalty.
 ii. Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 40% – Such student
shall be asked to submit a revised script within a
stipulated time period not exceeding 6 months.
 iii. Level 2: Similarities above 40% to 60% – Such student
shall be debarred from submitting a revised script for a
period of one year.
 iv. Level 3: Similarities above 60% -Such student
registration for that programme shall be cancelled.

97. Penalties in case of plagiarism in academic and
research publications
 I. Level 0: Similarities up to 10% – Minor similarities, no penalty.
 II. Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 40%
 i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
 III. Level 2: Similarities above 40% to 60%
 i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
 ii) Shall be denied a right to one annual increment.
 iii) Shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any new Master’s, M.Phil.,
Ph.D. Student/scholar for a period of two years.
 IV. Level 3: Similarities above 60%
 i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
 ii) Shall be denied a right to two successive annual increments.
 iii) Shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any new Master’s, M.Phil.,
Ph.D. Student/scholar for a period of three years.

98. Detection and Handling of Plagiarism |
Charges of Plagiarism
 If any member of the academic community suspects with
appropriate proof that a case of plagiarism has happened in
any document, he or she shall report it to the Departmental
Academic Integrity Panel (DAIP). Upon receipt of such a
complaint or allegation the DAIP shall investigate the matter
and submit its recommendations to the Institutional Academic
Integrity Panel (IAIP) of the HEI.
 The authorities of HEI can also take suomotu notice of an act
of plagiarism and initiate proceedings under these
regulations. Similarly, proceedings can also be initiated by the
HEI on the basis of findings of an examiner. All such cases
will be investigated by the IAIP.