The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It produces hormones that stimulate cell growth and the growth of muscles and bones. The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes - the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones that control chemical and metabolic processes and growth, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that regulate water balance and stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.

3. • It is an endocrine gland about the size of Pea , weighing 0.5 g .
• It is consider to be the “Master Gland” (B/c of its major influence in body activities) .
• It produce the growth which stimultes cell division & the growth of muscles & bones.

4. • Located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus and attached to it by nerve
fibers

5. • Growth Hormone Production
• Production of Hormones That Act on Other Endocrine Glands
• Production of Hormones That Act on the Muscles and the Kidneys
• Endocrine Function Regulation
• Storage of Hormones Produced by the Hypothalamus

6. • Divided into two parts…
i) Anterior Pituitary Gland ii) Posterior Pituitary Gland
The anterior lobe produces The posterior lobe does
and releases hormones produce hormone

7. • Is size of Pea
• The anterior pituitary gland is the front lobe of the pituitary gland, which is found at the
floor of brain, called the sellaturcica.

8. Control chemical and Control growth and metabolism
Water balance in body
Stimulate growth and Maturation
of the gonads (that produces gametes; a testis or ovary)

9. GH Most tissues
TSH Thyroid gland
ACTH Adrenal gland
Prolactin Breast
FSH Ovaries and testes
LH Ovaries and testes

10. 1) Growth Hormone ( GH ) :
• Stimulates the growth of bones muscles,
and other organ by increasing protein
synthesis.
• Affects protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
• Too little growth hormone secretion
can be result of Abnormal development
of the pituitary gland

11. 2) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) :
• Stimulated by Thyroidtropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)from hypothalamus
• Inhibit by Somatostatin from hypothalamus
• Stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete
hormone thyroxin

12. 3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) :
• Stimulated by Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) from the
hypothalamus
• ACTH stimulate the adrenal gland(Cortex) to secret a hormone call
Glucocorticoids

13. 4) Prolactin :
• Also know as lactogenic hormone
• Stimulated by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) from hypothalamus
• Inhibit(stop) by Dopamin from hypothalamus
• Target cell is mammary gland
• Stimulates the production of milk in the breast following pregnancy .

14. 5) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) :
In Male In Females
Stimulates production of sperm Stimulates maturation of ovarian
cells in the testes . follicle and secrete estrogen by
ovaries .

15. 6) Lutenizing Hormone (LH) :
• Stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) from hypothalamus
In Males In Females
Stimulates the testes to secrete Stimulates release of ovum
testosterone by ovary
• After ovulation, it stimulate the formation of corpus luteum in ovary and secret hormone
progesterone .

17. As it takes messages from For this reason it is ofte n
the brain ( via a gland called referred to as the master
Hypothalamus ) and uses these gland .
Messages to produce hormone
that effects many parts of body. Including stimulating all the
other hormone – producing gland
to produce their own hormones