The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that controls many other endocrine glands. It has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe produces hormones that control growth and metabolism, while the posterior lobe secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. Some of the key hormones produced by the anterior lobe and their functions include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The pituitary gland plays an important role in regulating many bodily processes as the "master gland" of the endocrine system.

1. Subject: Physiology
Roll Number : 16251514-014
Topic: Pituitary Gland and Functions
of its hormones

2. Anatomy of pituitary gland
 It is also called as hypophysis or master gland because
it controls /influences all other endocrine glands.
 Location- it is located at the base of the brain near to
the optic nerves. It attach to the hypothalamus.
 Structure- it is pea sized gland which weigh about 0.5
to 1 gram and 1-1.3 cm in diameter.
 Anterior lobe contain about 75% of the total pituitary
gland
 Posterior lobe contain 25% of its part

3. Function of pituitary gland
• It produce number of hormones
 Each of these hormones affect the specific part of body
(organ or tissue)
 They control most of the function of endocrine gland
so it is called master gland
 the pituitary is controlled in large part by the
hypothalamus, a region of the brain that lies just above
the pituitary
 By detecting the levels of hormones produced by
glands under the pituitary's control (target glands),

4. Diagram :

5.  Based on the origin, the pituitary is further
divided into two lobes
1. Adenohypophysis/ anterior pituitary
2. Neurohypophysis/ posterior pituitary
 Posterior pituitary-
It develops from the ventricles and it secretary
cells are called as pituicytes.
It secrete two hormones –
 1) Antidiuretic(ADH)
2) Oxytocin or pitocin hormones

6. Pituatory gland

7. Antidiuretic(ADH)
• It is the water retaining hormones.
 It stimulus the water reabsorption by distal and
collecting tubules and reduce the water loss in urine.
 Hypo secretion of this hormones leads to diuresis(
abnormally large urine volume) and cause diabetes
insipidus.
 Hyper secretion of this hormones leads to antidiuresis
(small urine volume).

8. Oxytoxin
 It involve in milk ejection
 It is also called as birth hormones.
 It contracts the uterine muscle during child birth and
ejection of the milk from breast during lactation.

9. Anterior pituitary gland :
• It is connected with a hypothalamus by a portal
system of blood vessel.
 It secrete hormones which are either polypeptides,
proteins and glycoprotein's.
• It secretory cells are of two types:
• 1) acidophils and 2) Basophils.
 The acidophiles secrete somatotropin hormones(STH)
and prolactin.
 The basophile secrete TSH, FSH, LH and ACTH.

10. Anterior pituitary gland :

11. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
It perform different function in male and female the
sex organs to produce sex hormones
( testosterone and estrogen)
In Male :
It acts in Sertoli cell to stimulate sperm production
Sertoli cell are present in testes
FSH acts on them.
It stimulate the testes to produce sperm
 In Female : the ovaries to produce eggs, and stimulate
the formation of layer on ovum

12. (LH) Leutinizing Hormones:
 In Female :
It removes follicle layer and cause ovulation
• In Men :
It is present in testes and acts on the laydig cells
and form testosterone

13. ACTH (Adernocorticle trophic
hormones)
 It stimulate the production and release of cortisol from
adrenal cortex
 Adrenal gland is of two types :
1. Adrenal medulla (It secrete Adrenaline hormone)
2. Adrenal cortex (It release two type of hormones )
i. Mineralo corticoids()
ii. Glucocortoid (They release Cortical)
cortisol remove Ca+ from bone and dissolve in
blood

14. TSH (Thyroid stimulating harmone)
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone, which stimulates the
thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
1. Triodothyronine
2. Thyroxine
Both of these hormones maintain metabolism and
also control it
GH(growth harmones)
• It stimulate body growth
• No hormones release
• Directly act on body

15.  Intermediate lobe-
 It secretes one hormones known as intermedin or
melanocytes stimulating hormones (MSH).
 It increases the pigmentation or darkening of the skins
in many animals such as fish, amphibian but no role
man.

16. References
 Rastogy, V. B. (2007).I.S.C Biology for Class Xii. Vol II.
 Piyush printer publisher pvt. Ltd: New Delhi.
 Retrieved on 25th of March from
http://www.answers.com/topic/graafian-follicle
 Retrieved on 24th of March from
http://www.umm.edu/endocrin/pitgland.htm

17. 😇Thank you