AAMAN BASRA 5A ,GMIS JAKARTA INDONESIA

2. To Get an Idea of What the
Endocrine System Does:

3. Lets take a look at all the vital
organs of Endocrine System

4. Gland – A Gland is a group of cells that produce and
secrete chemicals called hormones.
Hormones are transported into the blood stream to act
on various parts of the body....
Hormones are responsible to help control normal body
processes.

5. Pineal Gland
• Located in the brain
• Makes a hormone called Melatonin
(controls sleeping schedule)

6. Hypothalamus
• Located in the brain, above the pituitary gland
• Sends out numerous hormones
• Controls our nervous system (sleeping, eating, body
temperature)

7. Pituitary Gland
• Called “Master
Gland”
• Located in the
bottom of the brain
• Creates different
hormones that
control different
glands
• Two parts of the
pituitary gland:
anterior and posterior
• Controls growth, and
development

8. Thyroid Gland
• Located in the neck
• Makes thyroid hormones, which regulate
metabolism, and organ function
• Works with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

9. Pancreas
• Located behind your stomach
• Maintains blood sugar levels
• Releases insulin, which help glucose move

10. Adrenal Gland
• Located near the lower back, above the kidneys
• Secretes numerous hormones that helps deal with
stress, and physical development

11. Reproductive Glands
(Gonads)
• Female: Ovaries • Male: Testes
• Creates estrogen and • Creates testosterone
progesterone • Helps a boy develop
• Helps with babies • Deepens the voice, and
maintains muscle mass

12. I have focused my research on
Pituitary Gland
And Here it goes…..

13. Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland
controls the
functions of many
of the other
endocrine glands.
It is about the
size of a pea !.

14. Location of the Pituitary
Gland
This is the
pituitary gland!

15. Location of the pituitary and
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is
located at the base of the
brain in the posterior part . Hypothalamus
Pituitary
stalk
Anterior Posterior
pituitary pituitary
The pituitary is also
located at the base
of the brain

16. Location of the pituitary gland
The pituitary
gland itself Hypothalamus
consists of two
main parts:
Pituitary
stalk
• the anterior Anterior Posterior
pituitary pituitary
lobe
• the posterior
lobe

17. Posterior pituitary gland
Hormones
The posterior pituitary secretes
Hypothalamus 2 important hormones :
• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH),
• Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary
ADH kidney
Anterior
Anterior
pituitary
pituitary
pituitary vein
Oxytocin breast and
uterus

18. What are the actions of the posterior pituitary
hormones?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
External
stimulus e.g.
low blood
pressure
• ADH secretion is stimulated by
low blood pressure
• ADH increases water
reabsorption in the kidney and so Posterior
modulates blood pressure pituitary
ADH
• A deficiency in ADH causes
diabetes.

19. Oxytocin
External stimulus
e.g. stretching of
• Oxytocin secretion is stimulated cervix or
by stretching of the cervix during suckling
birth and suckling of the baby at
the breast
• Oxytocin stimulates uterine
contractions during labour and the
milk ejection reflex after birth Posterior
pituitary
• A deficiency of oxytocin causes Oxytocin
a failure in normal delivery of the
child and difficulty with breast
feeding

20. Now let’s look at the anterior
pituitary gland:

21. Anterior pituitary hormones - Growth Hormone
1. Growth Hormone
(GH) regulates growth
in the muscles and
bones.
GH
Deficiency results in growth failure and
short structure. Too much GH in the
body can result in tumor in pituitary,
excessive sweating and thickness of
bones.

22. Anterior pituitary hormones - LH and FSH
2. Luteinising Hormone
(LH) and Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) control both the
ovaries and testes
Diminished secretion of LH or FSH can
LH FSH
result in failure of fertility functions.
Typically in males as failure in
production of normal numbers of
sperm. In females, cessation of
reproductive cycles is commonly
observed. Elevated levels of these
hormones have normally no biological
effects in humans.

23. Anterior pituitary hormones - Prolactin
3. Prolactin (PRL) initiates
lactation and promotes the
growth of the mammary
glands, ovaries and testes
PRL
Deficiency promotes inappropriate
lactation, lack of menses, infertility in
females, and impotency in males.

24. Anterior pituitary hormones - Thyroid-stimulating
hormone
4. Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
regulates the thyroid
gland TSH

25. 4. Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) regulates
the thyroid gland
TSH
The thyroid hormones
play an important role in
controlling control parathyroid's
carbohydrate and fat thyroid
metabolism, deficiency
Thyroid
results in increased body hormones
weight.
Metabolism, heat production,
growth.

26. Anterior pituitary hormones - Adrenocorticotrophic
hormone
5. Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) controls
hormone secretion from the
adrenal cortex ACTH

27. 5. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) controls hormone secretion
from the adrenal cortex
Cortisol controls the metabolism of ACTH
carbohydrates, fats and proteins,
inflammatory and immune responses,
and responses to stress
adrenal
cortex
Adrenal cortex hormones
Metabolism, immune system, stress
responses, testosterone and
oestrogen

28. 6. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
(MSH) stimulates melanocytes in the skin
Corticotrophs in the anterior
pituitary gland secrete MSH
MSH
MSH acts on melanocytes in the
epidermis of the skin to stimulate the melanocytes
secretion of melanin in the skin
Melanin

29. 6. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
stimulates melanocytes in the skin
Corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary
gland secrete MSH
MSH
MSH acts on melanocytes in the epidermis
of the skin to stimulate the secretion of
melanocytes
melanin in the skin
Melanin controls pigmentation in the Melanin
skin
Skin pigmentation

30. Summary of hormones secreted by the anterior
pituitary gland
So the anterior pituitary secretes at least 7 important
hormones:
Growth Hormone (GH) regulates growth in muscles and bones and opposes the
action of insulin
Prolactin initiates lactation and promotes the growth of the mammary glands,
ovaries and testes
Luteinising Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
control both the ovaries and the testes
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) regulates the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) controls hormone secretion from the
adrenal cortex
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) stimulates melanocytes in the
skin

31. Hope my presentation was
informative and you enjoyed as
much as I enjoyed compiling it.
Aaman Basra
Grade : 5 A