Pituitary gland
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The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica and is connected to the hypothalamus. It can be divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes six important hormones that control metabolism, while the posterior pituitary secretes two hormones that control water balance and childbirth. The pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus that control its secretion of hormones.
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Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a small structure located at the base of the brain that connects the nervous system to the endocrine system. It produces neurohormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Some key neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus include thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and antidiuretic hormone. These neurohormones help regulate important bodily functions.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control major body functions in response to releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are produced in the hypothalamus and regulate milk letdown and fluid balance. Together, the hormones of the pituitary gland help maintain homeostasis by regulating metabolism, organ functions, reproduction, and other bodily processes.
Hormones Released by Pituitary Gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its hormones. It describes the pituitary gland's location and connection to the hypothalamus. It then explains the six hormones of the anterior pituitary - growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH - and their roles in controlling metabolic functions. The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are ADH and oxytocin, which play roles in water balance and childbirth/lactation respectively. The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important bodily functions. It is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and help regulate water balance and milk release. Disorders of the pituitary can impact hormone levels and cause wide-ranging symptoms.
Pituitary gland (anatomy)
The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, regulates many other endocrine glands through its production of hormones. It is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. These hormones are regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and travel to the pituitary via nerve fibers. Together, the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary regulate important bodily functions.
Pineal gland
The pineal gland is a small organ attached to the brain that secretes melatonin. Melatonin helps coordinate circadian rhythm and inhibits growth of sex organs before puberty. The thymus gland is an organ in the chest that produces thymosin and helps educate T-lymphocytes to fight infections. Both glands play important roles in the immune, endocrine, and developmental systems.
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Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a small structure located at the base of the brain that connects the nervous system to the endocrine system. It produces neurohormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Some key neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus include thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and antidiuretic hormone. These neurohormones help regulate important bodily functions.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control major body functions in response to releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are produced in the hypothalamus and regulate milk letdown and fluid balance. Together, the hormones of the pituitary gland help maintain homeostasis by regulating metabolism, organ functions, reproduction, and other bodily processes.
Hormones Released by Pituitary Gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its hormones. It describes the pituitary gland's location and connection to the hypothalamus. It then explains the six hormones of the anterior pituitary - growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH - and their roles in controlling metabolic functions. The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are ADH and oxytocin, which play roles in water balance and childbirth/lactation respectively. The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important bodily functions. It is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and help regulate water balance and milk release. Disorders of the pituitary can impact hormone levels and cause wide-ranging symptoms.
Pituitary gland (anatomy)
The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, regulates many other endocrine glands through its production of hormones. It is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. These hormones are regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and travel to the pituitary via nerve fibers. Together, the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary regulate important bodily functions.
Pineal gland
The pineal gland is a small organ attached to the brain that secretes melatonin. Melatonin helps coordinate circadian rhythm and inhibits growth of sex organs before puberty. The thymus gland is an organ in the chest that produces thymosin and helps educate T-lymphocytes to fight infections. Both glands play important roles in the immune, endocrine, and developmental systems.
Pituitary gland (1)
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates many important body functions. It is located at the base of the brain and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Key hormones produced include growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, and LH, which regulate processes like metabolism, thyroid function, stress response, lactation, and reproduction. The pituitary is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit its secretions.
Parathyroid Glands.ppt
The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. PTH increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and bones. It decreases blood phosphate levels by enhancing phosphate excretion by the kidneys. Abnormalities in PTH secretion can cause hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by low PTH and results in low blood calcium and high phosphate. Hyperparathyroidism is caused by excessive PTH and results in high blood calcium.
Urine formation
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones regulating growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary stimulates growth in children and regulates metabolism. Too little growth hormone causes dwarfism while too much causes gigantism or acromegaly.
Anatomy of Thyroid and Parathyroid gland
It includes anatomical location, vascular supply, lymphatic drainage , embryonic development and their hormone synthesis, release and regulation.
Human ear and Physiology of Hearing
Describes about the Anatomy & Physiology of Human ear as well as Equilibrium Balance by Cochlear apparatus
Endocrine system
The endocrine system regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual/reproductive processes through glands and hormones. The pineal gland secretes melatonin which regulates sexual development, metabolism, and sleep. The hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain, controls the pituitary gland through hormones and nervous system reflexes. The pituitary gland has anterior, middle, and posterior lobes and secretes hormones that control homeostasis, metabolism and development. Disorders of the endocrine system include Cushing's disease, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
Adrenal cortex
The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and each consists of an inner medulla and outer cortex. The medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, while the cortex is divided into three layers that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone; the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids like cortisol; and the zona reticularis produces weak androgens. These hormones work together to regulate fluid balance, metabolism, and other critical bodily functions.
Pancreatic hormones
The document summarizes the functions of the pancreas and pancreatic hormones. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and regulates blood sugar levels by secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, while glucagon promotes glucose release from stores. A lack of insulin leads to diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood sugar and metabolic dysregulation. The document provides details on the metabolic effects of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Pituitary hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
(HYPOPHYSIS)
DIAMETER: 1 CM
WEIGHT: 0.5-1 GM
LIES: SELLA TURCIA
TWO PORTIONS
1- ANTERIOR PITUITARY
(ADENOHYPOPHYSIS)
2-POSTERIOR PITUITARY
(NEUROHYPOPHYSIS)
Endocrine system Physiology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted from glands into the bloodstream and affect cells in other parts of the body. There are three main types of chemical signals used for cell-to-cell communication: peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid-derived hormones. Peptide hormones bind to receptor proteins in the cell membrane and use secondary messengers to initiate a cellular response, while steroid hormones enter cells and directly stimulate gene transcription, leading to a slower response. The endocrine system utilizes hormones to help regulate and coordinate important bodily functions and processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis.
Endocrine glands & their functions
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.
Cerebrum
The document summarizes key aspects of the cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres. It describes the cerebrum as the largest part of the brain, located in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. It notes that the cerebral hemispheres are separated by a longitudinal cerebral fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. It then outlines the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and some of the main sulci and gyri on the surface of each lobe.
Posterior pituitary hormones
This document discusses the posterior pituitary hormones oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). It provides details on their synthesis in the hypothalamus and storage and release from the posterior pituitary. It describes their actions, including oxytocin's role in uterine contraction and milk ejection, and vasopressin's antidiuretic effects and regulation of water balance. It also discusses disorders of their secretion like diabetes insipidus, their receptors, regulation, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is located in the posterior part of the forebrain and connects the midbrain to the cerebral hemispheres. It regulates many vital functions such as endocrine function, visceral functions, metabolism, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions and sexual functions. Some of its key roles include secreting hormones from the posterior pituitary, controlling the anterior pituitary via releasing and inhibitory hormones, regulating adrenal function, autonomic nervous system, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, hunger and food intake, and sleep-wake cycles. Dysfunctions can result in conditions like diabetes insipidus, Frohlich's syndrome, Kallmann's syndrome, and narcolepsy.
Hypothalamus (2)
This document provides an overview of the hypothalamus presented by Dr. Nilesh Kate. It begins with objectives and definitions of the hypothalamus. It then covers the physiological anatomy including external features, subdivisions, nuclei and connections. Major sections discuss the functions of the hypothalamus in areas like autonomic function, sleep/wake cycles, food intake regulation, endocrine function, temperature regulation and more. The final section covers applied aspects like lesions of the hypothalamus and associated clinical conditions such as diabetes insipidus and narcolepsy.
Anatomy of pituitary gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis. It is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important body functions. The pituitary gland has two lobes - the anterior lobe which secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands, and the posterior lobe which stores and releases hormones involved in water balance and milk production. The pituitary gland is well protected in the sella turcica bone and receives blood flow through the hypophyseal portal system which allows the hypothalamus to regulate pituitary hormone secretion.
Hypothalamus and its function
The hypothalamus is a small cone-shaped structure located below the thalamus that controls important autonomic and endocrine functions. It contains several nuclei that regulate processes like circadian rhythms, temperature control, hormone production, and behaviors. The hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system by secreting hormones that stimulate or inhibit pituitary hormone release, regulating other endocrine glands. Key functions include cardiovascular, temperature and fluid regulation, the hunger/thirst response, and behaviors like rage and reward responses.
ppt on Thymus
The document discusses the thymus gland, a primary lymphatic organ located in the neck or chest area. It consists of two lobes enclosed in a capsule and is divided internally. The thymus weighs 10-15 grams at birth and grows until puberty, and its main function is to secrete thymosin to help develop T-lymphocytes which are important white blood cells for the immune system.
Parathyroid gland
parathyroid gland, superior inferior parathyroid gland, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply, function, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroidism
Pituitary gland
This document provides information on the anatomy of the pituitary gland (hypophysis), including its location, measurements, relations to surrounding structures, development, blood supply, and functions of its two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. Key points include that the pituitary is located in the sella turcica, has anterior and posterior lobes that differ in origin and function, and is controlled by the hypothalamus via hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
Endocrine glands
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
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Pituitary gland (1)
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates many important body functions. It is located at the base of the brain and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Key hormones produced include growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, and LH, which regulate processes like metabolism, thyroid function, stress response, lactation, and reproduction. The pituitary is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit its secretions.
Parathyroid Glands.ppt
The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. PTH increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and bones. It decreases blood phosphate levels by enhancing phosphate excretion by the kidneys. Abnormalities in PTH secretion can cause hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by low PTH and results in low blood calcium and high phosphate. Hyperparathyroidism is caused by excessive PTH and results in high blood calcium.
Urine formation
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones regulating growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary stimulates growth in children and regulates metabolism. Too little growth hormone causes dwarfism while too much causes gigantism or acromegaly.
Anatomy of Thyroid and Parathyroid gland
It includes anatomical location, vascular supply, lymphatic drainage , embryonic development and their hormone synthesis, release and regulation.
Human ear and Physiology of Hearing
Describes about the Anatomy & Physiology of Human ear as well as Equilibrium Balance by Cochlear apparatus
Endocrine system
The endocrine system regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual/reproductive processes through glands and hormones. The pineal gland secretes melatonin which regulates sexual development, metabolism, and sleep. The hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain, controls the pituitary gland through hormones and nervous system reflexes. The pituitary gland has anterior, middle, and posterior lobes and secretes hormones that control homeostasis, metabolism and development. Disorders of the endocrine system include Cushing's disease, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
Adrenal cortex
The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and each consists of an inner medulla and outer cortex. The medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, while the cortex is divided into three layers that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone; the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids like cortisol; and the zona reticularis produces weak androgens. These hormones work together to regulate fluid balance, metabolism, and other critical bodily functions.
Pancreatic hormones
The document summarizes the functions of the pancreas and pancreatic hormones. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and regulates blood sugar levels by secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, while glucagon promotes glucose release from stores. A lack of insulin leads to diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood sugar and metabolic dysregulation. The document provides details on the metabolic effects of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Pituitary hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
(HYPOPHYSIS)
DIAMETER: 1 CM
WEIGHT: 0.5-1 GM
LIES: SELLA TURCIA
TWO PORTIONS
1- ANTERIOR PITUITARY
(ADENOHYPOPHYSIS)
2-POSTERIOR PITUITARY
(NEUROHYPOPHYSIS)
Endocrine system Physiology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted from glands into the bloodstream and affect cells in other parts of the body. There are three main types of chemical signals used for cell-to-cell communication: peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid-derived hormones. Peptide hormones bind to receptor proteins in the cell membrane and use secondary messengers to initiate a cellular response, while steroid hormones enter cells and directly stimulate gene transcription, leading to a slower response. The endocrine system utilizes hormones to help regulate and coordinate important bodily functions and processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis.
Endocrine glands & their functions
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.
Cerebrum
The document summarizes key aspects of the cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres. It describes the cerebrum as the largest part of the brain, located in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. It notes that the cerebral hemispheres are separated by a longitudinal cerebral fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. It then outlines the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and some of the main sulci and gyri on the surface of each lobe.
Posterior pituitary hormones
This document discusses the posterior pituitary hormones oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). It provides details on their synthesis in the hypothalamus and storage and release from the posterior pituitary. It describes their actions, including oxytocin's role in uterine contraction and milk ejection, and vasopressin's antidiuretic effects and regulation of water balance. It also discusses disorders of their secretion like diabetes insipidus, their receptors, regulation, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is located in the posterior part of the forebrain and connects the midbrain to the cerebral hemispheres. It regulates many vital functions such as endocrine function, visceral functions, metabolism, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions and sexual functions. Some of its key roles include secreting hormones from the posterior pituitary, controlling the anterior pituitary via releasing and inhibitory hormones, regulating adrenal function, autonomic nervous system, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, hunger and food intake, and sleep-wake cycles. Dysfunctions can result in conditions like diabetes insipidus, Frohlich's syndrome, Kallmann's syndrome, and narcolepsy.
Hypothalamus (2)
This document provides an overview of the hypothalamus presented by Dr. Nilesh Kate. It begins with objectives and definitions of the hypothalamus. It then covers the physiological anatomy including external features, subdivisions, nuclei and connections. Major sections discuss the functions of the hypothalamus in areas like autonomic function, sleep/wake cycles, food intake regulation, endocrine function, temperature regulation and more. The final section covers applied aspects like lesions of the hypothalamus and associated clinical conditions such as diabetes insipidus and narcolepsy.
Anatomy of pituitary gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis. It is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important body functions. The pituitary gland has two lobes - the anterior lobe which secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands, and the posterior lobe which stores and releases hormones involved in water balance and milk production. The pituitary gland is well protected in the sella turcica bone and receives blood flow through the hypophyseal portal system which allows the hypothalamus to regulate pituitary hormone secretion.
Hypothalamus and its function
The hypothalamus is a small cone-shaped structure located below the thalamus that controls important autonomic and endocrine functions. It contains several nuclei that regulate processes like circadian rhythms, temperature control, hormone production, and behaviors. The hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system by secreting hormones that stimulate or inhibit pituitary hormone release, regulating other endocrine glands. Key functions include cardiovascular, temperature and fluid regulation, the hunger/thirst response, and behaviors like rage and reward responses.
ppt on Thymus
The document discusses the thymus gland, a primary lymphatic organ located in the neck or chest area. It consists of two lobes enclosed in a capsule and is divided internally. The thymus weighs 10-15 grams at birth and grows until puberty, and its main function is to secrete thymosin to help develop T-lymphocytes which are important white blood cells for the immune system.
Parathyroid gland
parathyroid gland, superior inferior parathyroid gland, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply, function, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroidism
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Pituitary gland
This document provides information on the anatomy of the pituitary gland (hypophysis), including its location, measurements, relations to surrounding structures, development, blood supply, and functions of its two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. Key points include that the pituitary is located in the sella turcica, has anterior and posterior lobes that differ in origin and function, and is controlled by the hypothalamus via hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
Endocrine glands
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys and have two parts - the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to sympathetic stimulation. The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids including mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels in extracellular fluids by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. Cortisol regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism to increase blood glucose levels and help the body respond to stress.
Endocrine glands
The document discusses endocrine glands and hormones. It explains that endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, lacking ducts, and hormones are carried to target cells containing receptors. Hormones affect metabolism and regulate body processes like growth and reproduction. The mechanisms of hormone action depend on their chemical structure, with some binding to nuclear receptors to alter gene expression and others using second messengers to enact cellular responses. The pituitary gland is described as having anterior and posterior lobes that secrete trophic and regulatory hormones under control of the hypothalamus.
Endocrine glands
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates the endocrine system. It is located at the base of the brain and consists of the anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, and intermediate lobe. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and more. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus that influence milk release and water balance. The intermediate lobe's function in mammals is unclear but it may regulate skin color. Endocrine glands communicate via feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.
Gonadal function
The document discusses the gonads and sex hormones. It states that the gonads are the organs that produce gametes (sex cells) and steroid hormones. In males the gonads are the testes and in females they are the ovaries. Sex steroids control the development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Their production is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The document then discusses factors that can affect sex hormone production and various conditions related to abnormal hormone levels.
16. pituitary gland
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland located below it. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate many bodily functions. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary by secreting releasing or inhibiting hormones. The pituitary's anterior lobe secretes trophic hormones that control other endocrine glands, while its posterior lobe secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin which act directly on body tissues. Disorders can arise if the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is disrupted.
Adrenal gland endocrine-
The adrenal gland is a retroperitoneal organ located above the kidneys that is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes corticosteroids and androgens, developing from mesoderm, while the medulla secretes catecholamines and develops from neural crest cells. The adrenal gland receives its blood supply from superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries and drains into renal veins. It develops from mesodermal and ectodermal tissues and regulates stress response and metabolism through hormones. Diseases can occur if it over or underproduces hormones, like pheochromocytoma increasing catecholamines or Cushing's syndrome increasing cortisol.
Endocrine glands
The endocrine system coordinates activities through chemical messengers called hormones. It consists of endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate many other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroxine and calcitonin regulates calcium levels. The parathyroid glands work with the thyroid to maintain calcium homeostasis through PTH. The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline for the fight-or-flight response. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The gonads produce sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.
Pituitary hormones and their
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are produced in the hypothalamus and travel down nerve fibers to the posterior pituitary. Growth hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary, promotes growth and protein synthesis throughout the body and has effects on carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Its secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Glands
The document defines and classifies glands. It discusses that glands are aggregations of cells that produce secretions or excretions. Glands are classified as exocrine if they release their products onto epithelial surfaces through ducts, or endocrine if they release into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands are further classified based on their duct morphology and shape of secreting portions. The document also discusses the histological structure of exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the skull and has three parts: the anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, and intermediate lobe. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus that influence milk production and water balance. The intermediate lobe's function is unclear in most mammals.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a 6 inch long organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes and hormones to regulate blood sugar. It is responsible for insulin production and plays an important role in metabolism. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking, age, gender, chronic pancreatitis, and some industrial chemicals. Alcohol consumption can also negatively impact pancreatic health.
Peripheral Nervous System
The document provides an overview of the peripheral nervous system, including details about cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerve plexuses. It discusses the names, functions, and pathways of 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It describes the gross anatomy and histology of the spinal cord, as well as the organization and branches of spinal nerves. Finally, it reviews the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses and their contributions to innervation of the head, neck, upper limbs, lower limbs, and pelvis.
Thyroid gland,Adrenal gland and Gonads
The document provides information about the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and gonads. It discusses the thyroid gland's hormones including thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin. It describes diseases of the thyroid such as hypothyroidism, myxedema, goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and exophthalmic goiter. It also briefly discusses the adrenal gland's hormones and parts as well as diseases of the adrenal gland and functions. Finally, it mentions the gonads including the testis and ovary along with their hormones.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are paired organs located near the kidneys that are composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, glucocorticoids like cortisol, and androgens. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine that prepare the body for fight or flight. Both layers contain cells grouped in cords around capillaries that secrete hormones which regulate electrolyte balance, immune response, and metabolism.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small gland located at the base of the brain. It has an anterior and posterior lobe with different developmental origins and functions. The anterior lobe produces several hormones that regulate other endocrine glands and other processes. These include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. The posterior lobe stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland plays a key role in regulating many physiological processes through its interaction with the hypothalamus via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
Adrenal gland lecture
The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and are composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone, while the medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. Adrenal gland disorders occur when the glands do not function properly, such as Cushing's syndrome which results from excess cortisol production, congenital adrenal hyperplasia where the glands do not produce enough hormones, and pituitary tumors affecting hormone regulation. Treatments include medication, surgery, radiation, or a combination depending on the specific disorder.
Endocrine System
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target organs and tissues. There are three main types of hormones: steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone which are lipid-soluble and pass through cell membranes to activate nuclear receptors; peptide hormones like insulin which are water-soluble and bind to cell surface receptors; and amine hormones like epinephrine which also bind to cell surface receptors. Hormones work through concentration-dependent effects and can have synergistic, permissive, or antagonistic interactions with each other to regulate various physiological processes in the body.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
The document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It begins by reviewing the anatomy of the hypothalamus and its relation to the pituitary gland. It then describes the development of the pituitary gland from different embryonic tissues, with the posterior lobe deriving from neural tissue and the anterior lobe from epithelial tissue. The document goes on to explain the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis in more detail, including the hormones produced and released in negative feedback loops.
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endocrine system.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system. It describes the main differences between the nervous and endocrine systems. It then discusses the pituitary gland and its role in regulating other endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads through the release of hormones. The document also explains the functions of important hormones including growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, glucagon, progesterone, estrogen, and cortisol.
Pituitary gland
The hypothalamus-pituitary unit is the dominant portion of the endocrine system. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which controls the function of the thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain below the hypothalamus and is connected via the pituitary stalk. It is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes tropic hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
ENDOCRINOLOGY NOTES BY KELVIN KEAN.........
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. It works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes. Hormones travel through the blood and act on target organs. The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and regulates other glands via feedback mechanisms. Major hormones include growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, estrogen and testosterone.
The endocrine system
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and regulates other endocrine glands by producing hormones like TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces the hormones T3 and T4 which increase metabolism under control of TSH from the pituitary.
Hormones
The document discusses various hormones produced by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone. It describes the targets and functions of these hormones in regulating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, lactation, water balance, and stress response. The hormones act through feedback loops between the hypothalamus and pituitary to control hormone release from other endocrine glands.
Endocrinology 26-70
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its functions. It begins by describing the location and structure of the pituitary gland, noting that it is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. It then explains the origin and structure of each lobe. The document goes on to describe the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary, including growth hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It also discusses the hormones of the posterior pituitary, antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and their functions. Finally, it briefly mentions the pineal gland and its hormone melatonin.
Johny's A&P endocrine system
The document discusses the endocrine system, which controls the body through hormones rather than neurotransmitters like the nervous system. It describes the main endocrine glands that secrete hormones, including the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which regulate other glands. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe; the anterior lobe secretes trophic hormones that stimulate other glands, while the posterior lobe secretes oxytocin and ADH synthesized in the hypothalamus. Hormones allow for slower responses than the nervous system but can target distant organs.
Endocrine glands part 1 english
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #ENDOCRINE,#GLANDS,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Dr.Patel Taranoom M.
The hypothalamus-pituitary unit is the dominant portion of the endocrine system. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which in turn regulates other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland is composed of anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe produces six hormones that regulate other glands under control of the hypothalamus via releasing hormones. The hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axes are regulated by negative feedback loops.
Endo 3 myka
The document summarizes the trophic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and their target organs and functions. The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, secretes six trophic hormones: growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. These hormones target and stimulate various endocrine glands including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, and mammary glands. The hypothalamus regulates secretion of trophic hormones from the anterior pituitary through releasing hormones.
Comparative anatomy endocrine system
The document discusses the endocrine system in humans and other chordates. It describes the major endocrine glands and hormones, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, gonads, and others. It explains how the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland to regulate hormone release, and the functions of key hormones like growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, estrogen, and testosterone.
Lect 1-pituitary insufficiency
The document discusses the pituitary gland and pituitary diseases. It begins by providing an overview of the pituitary gland, noting that it is located at the base of the brain and controls other endocrine glands by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. It then discusses specific pituitary diseases including anterior and posterior pituitary hypofunction, as well as pituitary hyperfunction. Anterior pituitary hypofunction can be caused by tumors, vascular issues, or trauma/infection and results in hormone deficiencies. Posterior pituitary hypofunction impacts antidiuretic hormone and causes diabetes insipidus. Pituitary hyperfunction includes excess secretion of hormones like prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, and TSH, leading to conditions such as acromegaly, Cushing
Hormones artifact!
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to monitor and regulate cells in the body. The endocrine system uses hormones to initiate responses in target cells by binding to specific receptors. Hormones are classified by their structure and function, with some made from cholesterol and others from amino acids. Hormones are released into the bloodstream and bind with matching receptors on target cells to initiate various responses and maintain homeostasis. The major endocrine glands and their hormones are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, placenta and pineal glands.
Hormones the perfect storm
The document provides an in-depth look at the endocrine system through recipes and tables. It discusses how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate hormones. The major glands of the endocrine system are described, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pineal body, and reproductive glands. Hormones are classified by function and structure. Steroid and nonsteroid hormones are defined. Finally, tables list the major hormones and the glands, targets, and principal actions of each.
Ppt on hypothalamic & anterior pituitary hormones
The document summarizes hormones produced by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. It discusses how the hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland through releasing hormones like growth hormone-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. It then describes the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, including growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone. For each hormone, it provides details on function and what happens with too much or too little secretion.
physiology of p i t u i tary gland.pptx
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, acts as the "master gland" that controls other endocrine glands. It consists of the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and other functions. These include growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. These hormones work through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, summarizing each of the major endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete. It discusses the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pineal gland, gonads, pancreas, and thymus gland. For each gland, it outlines their location in the body, cellular structure, and the hormones produced as well as the functions of those hormones in regulating processes like growth, metabolism, calcium levels, stress response, and immune function.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of glands that release hormones to regulate bodily functions. The major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads. Each gland produces specific hormones that target other glands or body systems to perform functions like calcium regulation, metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Hormones travel through the bloodstream and act through receptor pathways or nuclear receptors in cells.
15. The Endocrine System
The endocrine system controls homeostasis through hormone production and negative feedback loops. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, testes/ovaries. The pituitary regulates other glands and produces growth hormone, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and MSH. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism. The adrenals produce corticosteroids and adrenaline. Gonadal and pancreatic hormones regulate reproduction and metabolism.
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HORMONES and general knowledge of hormone for student
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Pituitary gland
- 1. PITUITARY GLAND NAME: HINGIN BIN CHIAM TAH KONG LU SIEW LING GROUP:9
- 2. Lies in sella turcica and is connected to hypothalamus by pituitary stalk. Divisible 2 distinctive portions: ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR pituitary. (adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis) Between it : pars intermedia Anterior pituitary originates: Rathke’s Pouch(invagination of the pharangeal epithelium) Posterior pituitary originates: neural tissue outgrowth from the hypothalamus (glial-type cells)
- 3. 6 important peptide hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland(plays major role in metabolism): a) Growth hormones b) Adrenocorticotrophin c) Thyroid stimulating hormones d) Prolactin e) Follicle stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormone
- 4. Posterior pituitary gland secreted 2 other peptide hormones: a) Antidiuretic hormones (Vasopressin) b) Oxytoxin
- 5. Pituitary secretion is controlled by either hormonal or nervous signals from hypothalamus Anterior: controlled by hormones (hypothalamic releasing, hypothalamic inhibitory hormones) - is secreted form the hypothalamus then conducted through minute blood vessels (hypothalamic-hypophysial porta vessels) which penetrates substance of median eminance pituitary stalk supply blood for anterior pituitary sinuses. Posterior: from hypothalamus by nerve signals
- 6. Thyrotropin-releasing hormones Corticotrophin-releasing hormones Growth hormones-releasing hormones and Somatostatin Gonadotropin-releasing hormones Prolactin inhibitory hormones Anterior: these hormones acts on glandular cells to controlled the secretion Many sources in nervous system hypothalamus( collecting center for information )
- 7. Growth hormones(GH) does not function through target gland but exerts it’s effects directly on mainly all tissue of the body. Cause growth almost all tissue that can grow Increasing of the cells and mitosis Promoting protein deposition and increase protein synthesis rate in most cells of the body. Increase mobalizamobalization of fatty acids from adipose tissue, free fatty acids in blood, use fatty acids for energy Decreased glucose utilization rate through body - decreased glucose uptake(in skeletal muscles) - increased glucose production(liver) - increased insulin secretion
- 8. GH secretion in a pulsatile pattern, increased and decreased. Factors related to person state of nutrition or stress(stimulate secretion): - starvation (kwashiorkor) - hypoglycemia, exercise, excitement, trauma Factor stimulate growth hormone: - decreased blood glucose and free fatty acids - starvation or fasting, protein deficiency - trauma, stress, excitement, exercise Inhibit GH secretion: - increased blood glucose, blood free fatty acids -aging , obesity, somatostatin, GH (exogenous) - somatomedins ( insulin-like growth factor)