The parietal lobe is strategically located between other lobes and has a greater variety of clinical manifestations than other parts of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing, spatial awareness, language, praxis, and more. Damage can cause syndromes like Gerstmann syndrome, apraxia, agraphia, acalculia, hemispatial neglect, and others, depending on whether the left or right lobe is affected. The parietal lobe works in conjunction with other brain regions to carry out its diverse functions.
anatomy and physiology of temporal lobechaurasia028
this ppt talks about the detailed physiology of temporal lobe and explain in detail about the mechanism involved in speech, auditory response and episodic memory.
it also talks about the anatomy and functions of the temporal lobe.
anatomy and physiology of temporal lobechaurasia028
this ppt talks about the detailed physiology of temporal lobe and explain in detail about the mechanism involved in speech, auditory response and episodic memory.
it also talks about the anatomy and functions of the temporal lobe.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Introduction No independent existence as anatomical / physiological unit Operates in conjunction with brain as a whole Strategically situated b/w other lobes Greater variety of clinical manifestations than rest of the hemisphere Dysfunction likely to be overlooked unless special techniques used
3. History In 1874 Bartholow recorded odd sensation from legs on stimulating post central gyrus through skull wounds Cushing in 1909 --- Electrical stimulation in conscious human beings under LA –– mainly tactile hallucinations
4. Critchley(1953) – monograph on “ The Parietal Lobes” Djerine– alexia , agraphia -- angular gyrus lesion Liepmann--- ideomotor & ideational apraxia in (L) sided lesion
5. Neuroanatomy Occupies middle third of cerebral hemispheres Situated b/w frontal ,temporal ,occipital lobes with anatomical & functional continuity
6. Boundaries Anterior –Central sulcus & its imaginary continuation over inner paracentral lobule medially Posterior- parieto occipital sulcus on mesial aspect & its continuation (imaginary) to join pre occipital notch inferolaterally Lower- Sylvian fissure & its imaginary extension backwards
7.
8. Lateral surface 2 well defined sulci Post central sulcus –parellel to Fissure of Rolando Inter parietal sulcus- runs AP from post central sulcus to occipital lobe
9. Lateral surface Gyri Post central gyrus- primary sensory area(3,1,2) Superior parietal lobule(5,7) Inferior parietal lobule ( Ecker’s lobule ) Supramarginalgyrus (area 40) arches over Sylvian fissure Angular gyrus (area 39 ) - arches over the superior temporal sulcus
10. Mesial surface Paracentral lobule- mesial part of post central gyrus Precuneus- behind post central gyrus Subjacent part of cingulategyrus- below sub parietal sulcus
11.
12. Vascular supply Lateral - MCA Artery of Rolandic fissure Artery of inter parietal fissure Artery of post parietal fissure Inter opercular parietal artery Artery to angular gyrus Mesial - ACA mainly & PCA to a slight extent
13.
14. Venous drainage Superficial middle cerebral vein –lies in lateral fissure Vein of Trolard (superior anastomotic vein) - connects sup middle cerebral vein to SSS Vein of Labbe’ ( inferior anastomotic vein ) - connects sup middle cerebral vein to Transverse sinus
15. Post central gyrus Granular cortex Receives most of its afferents from VPL nucleus of thalamus Projects to somatosensory association cortex (area 5) Some parts (except hand & foot ) connected to opposite somatosensory cortex via corpus callosum Representation of C/L side of body
16.
17. Postcentral gyrus Superior part represent the LL Middle part -- the trunk & UL and Lower part --the face Amount of cortex devoted to any particular body area – proportional to sensory acuity Tips of fingers & lips larger area of representation
19. Superior parietal area Area 5b- occupies large portion of Sup parietal lobule Extends over medial surface to include pre cuneus No large pyramidal cells in layer V Granular layer – great depth & density
20. Inferior parietal area Supra marginal & angular gyrus No pyramidal cells Granular cortex well developed Close proximity to occipital & temporal lobe
21. Parietal lobe functions Difficult to describe due to bewildering range of symptoms Simple functional division Anterior region- post central gyrus / sensory strip Posterior region – lies behind post central gyrus & is composed of tertiary cortex
22. Functions of anterior region Somato sensory perception Tactile perception Body sense Visual object recognition
27. APRAXIA Definition Difficulty in performing skilled motor acts which can not be explained by an elementary sensory or motor deficit or language comprehension disorder
31. Tests Pressure sensitivity Two point discrimination Point localisation Position sense Tactual object recognition
32. Two point discrimination Use a compass / calibrated 2 point esthesiometer 1mm tip of tongue 2-4 mm finger tips 4-6 mm dorsum of fingers 8-12 mm on palm 20-30 mm on dorsum of palm
33. Amorphosynthesis Inability to synthesize separate tactile sensations into perception of form Lack of recognition of C/L body & of space Astereognosis Loss of ability to recognize object by touch Unable to name objects, describe or demonstrate their use Primary sensations intact
34. Asomatognosia Agnosia relates to patient’s own body Types Anosognosia Autotopagnosia
35. Anosognosia Ignorance of existence of disease More with (R ) PL lesions U/L neglect may co exist Deny weakness /sensory loss of affected limb Extreme cases- disowns limb
36. Autotopagnosia Impairment in localization / naming of parts of own body Patient unable to point to body parts named by examiner / move them May not be able to identify them on examiner’s body / on diagram
37. Finger agnosia Inability to recognize , name & point to individualized fingers on self & others – usually middle 3 fingers Form of autotopagnosia B/L lesion Central feature of Gerstmann syndrome
39. Agraphia Spontaneous writing & writing on command more affected than copy righting Irregular & tremulous script, misspelling , semantic & syntactial errors Site – inferior parietal lobule
40. Apractic agraphia- agraphia despite normal sensory, motor & visual feed back, word & letter knowledge Lesion- Dom sup parietal lobule Visuo spatial agraphia-neglect of (U) side of paper in writing Lesion -- (R) temp- parietal junction
41.
42.
43. Effects of unilateral disease of the parietal lobe, right or leftA. Corticosensory syndrome and sensory extinction B. Mild hemiparesis (variable), unilateral muscular atrophyin children, hypotonia, poverty of movement, hemiataxiaC. Homonymous hemianopia or inferior quadrantanopia(incongruent or congruent) or visual inattentionD. Abolition of optokineticnystagmus with target movingtoward side of the lesionE. Neglect of the opposite side of external space
44. Effects of unilateral disease of the dominant (left) parietallobe A. Disorders of language (especially alexia)B. Gerstmann syndrome (dysgraphia, dyscalculia, finger agnosia, right-left confusion)C. Tactile agnosia (bimanual astereognosis)D. Bilateral ideomotor and ideational apraxia
45. Effects of unilateral disease of the nondominant (right) parietal lobeA. Visuospatial disordersB. Topographic memory lossC. Anosognosia, dressing and constructional apraxiasD. ConfusionE. Tendency to keep the eyes closed, resist lid opening,and blepharospasm
46. Effects of bilateral disease of the parietal lobes A. Visual spatial imperception, spatial disorientation, andcomplete or partial Balint syndrome