Pill endoscopy involves swallowing a pill-sized camera to take pictures of the gastrointestinal tract as it passes through the body. It was invented to address issues with traditional endoscopy methods like pain, risk of injury, and procedure time. The pill camera is about the size of a vitamin and contains a lens, light source, battery, antenna, and image sensor to capture high-quality video footage as it travels through the digestive system. Doctors can then review the recorded images to diagnose conditions like Crohn's disease, tumors, or bleeding without painful endoscopic procedures. While effective, pill endoscopy is also expensive, may not be suitable for some patients, and batteries limit imaging time.

1. PRESENTED BY GUIDANCE & SUPPORT BY
VISHAL DURGE PROF. M U PHUTANE

2. INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS PILL ENDOSCOPY?
 WHAT DOES IT EXAMINE?
 WHO INVENTED IT?

3. CURRENT ENDOSCOPIES
ISSUE WITH CURRENT
ENDOSCOPIES

4. Problems with normal endoscopy
SORE THROAT
PAINFULL
TIME CONSUMING
ACCIDENTAL PUNTURE
FEVER

5. IMAGINE A VITAMIN SIZE PILL SIZED CAMERA THAT COULD
TRAVEL THROUGH OUR BODY TAKING PICTURES, HELPING
TO DIAGNOSE A PROBLEM

6. SPECIFICATIONS
Diameter 11mm.
Length 26mm.
Less than 4gm.
Bullet Shape

7. INSIDE A PILL CAMERA
OPTICAL DOME
LENS HOLDER
LENS
ILLUMINATING
LED’S CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
BATTERY
ANTENNA
ASIC TRANSMITER

8. 1.OPTICAL DOME
The optical Dome contains the light receiving window. The window
along with container are sealed to prevent infiltration of digestive fluids
inside the capsule.
2.LENS HOLDER
The lens holder is that part of the capsule which accommodates the lens.
3.LENS
The lens is that part of the pill camera arranged behind the Light
Receiving window.
4.ILLUMINATING LED
Around the Lens & CMOS Sensor, four LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)
are present. These plural lighting devices are arranged in donut shape.

9. 5.CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) produces very
high quality images.
6. BATTERY
Silver oxide primary batteries are used (Zinc/Alkaline electrolyte/Silver
oxide). Such a battery has a even discharge voltage, disposable.
7. ASIC TRANSMITTER
Two transmitting electrodes are connected to the outlines of ASIC
(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Transmitter.
8. ANTENNA
The dome containing the antenna is made of conducting material
which is harmless to the human body. Parylene coated on to poly
ethylene or polypropylene is used.

10. PILL CAMERA PLATFORM COMPONENTS
1.DATA RECORDER
 Small portable recording device.
 Placed in the recorder pouch.

11. WORKSTATION AND RAPID SOFTWARE
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

12. Real time viewer
 Handheld device.
 Enables Real-Time viewing.
 Contains RAPID Reader software.
 Colour LCD monitor

13. PROCEDURE
Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a
conventional pill.
It takes image as it is propelled forward by
peristalsis.
A wireless recorder worn on a belt, receives the
image transmitted by the pill.
A computer workstation processes the data &
produce a continuous still images.
DATA
RECORD
ER
COMPUTER

14. Fasting for 4 hours
Swallow the capsule with few sips of water
Patient can leave the center
After 7-8 hours the patient must return
Collect images from data recorder and examine it

15. ADVANTAGES OF PILLCAM
Painless
No side effects
Accurate pictures(view of 150 degree)
High quality images
Easy procedure
High sensitivity and specificity
No sedation is required
More efficient than X-ray ,CT-Scan and
normal endoscopy

16. LIMITATIONS
Very expensive
Gastrointestinal obstruction prevent the free
flow of Pillcam
Pregnant woman and patients with pacemaker
face difficulties
Not a replacement for colonoscopy
Not reusable
Batteries may not last long

17. USES
 Crohn's Disease.
 Malabsorption Disorders.
 Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
 Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury
 Ulcerative Colitis

19. QUESTIONS