The document discusses a pill camera, which is a capsule-sized camera that can be swallowed to take pictures of the digestive tract. It consists of an optical dome, lens, LED lights, CMOS image sensor, battery, transmitter, and antenna. The procedure involves swallowing the capsule, which then transmits over 50,000 color images as it passes through the digestive system. The capsule provides a painless and accurate way to diagnose gastrointestinal conditions without surgery. However, it is very expensive and cannot be reused. Future improvements could include zooming, auto-focus, smaller size, and longer battery life.

1. PRESENTED BY
 Datta.Ch(15-417)
 Navya.G(15-425)
PILL CAMERA

2. • Introduction
• Technology used
• Conventional method
• Description
• Components
• Procedure
• Advantages
• Drawbacks
• Applications
• Future scope
• Conclusion
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION TO CAPSULE CAMERA
 Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could
travel through our body taking pictures helping
diagnose a problem which doctor previously
would have found only through surgery .
Pill camera was invented by Gavriel iddan in
the year 2000 and pit was approved by US food
and drug administration in 2001

4. TECHNOLOGIES USED
 Pill camera developed on
the basis of
NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Nanotechnology deals with
objects measured in
nanometers . Nanometer can
be visualized as billionth of
a meter or millionth of
millimeter or it is 1/80000
width of human hair.

5. The conventional method that doctor
would have Preferred earlier was
endoscopy procedure.by which Doctor
able to see the inside lining of digestive
tract.
The camera is connected to either
an eyepiece for direct viewing or video
screen that displays the images on a
colour TV .This procedure is used for
gastrointestinal (GI) disease and
treatment as well…
CONVENTIONAL METHOD:

6. DESCRIPTION
• The device, called the Diagnostic Imaging System, comes in
capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter and
batteries.
• The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.

8. 1. OPTICAL DOME
This shape result in easy orientation of the capsule axis
along the central axis of small intestine and so helps propel the
capsule forward easily.
2. Lens holder
The lens holder is that part of the capsule which
accommodates the lens . The lens is tightly fixed to the holder so
that it doesn’t get dislocated anytime.
COMPONENTS:

9. 3.LENS
THE LENS IS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE
CAPSULE. IT IS ARRANGED BEHIND THE LIGHT
RECEIVING WINDOW .
4.ILLUMINATING LED’S
AROUND THE LENS & CMOS IMAGE SENSOR,
FOUR LED’S(LIGHT EMITTING DIODES)ARE PRESENT
. THESE PLURAL LIGHTING DEVICES ARE ARRANGED
IN DO NUT SHAPE.

10. 5.CMOS IMAGE SENSOR:
CMOS(COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR)
IMAGE SENSOR IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE
CAPSULE. IT IS HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND PRODUCES VERY
HIGH QUALITY IMAGES.
IT HAS 140 FIELD OF VIEW AND CAN DIRECT OBJECTS AS
SMALL AS POSSIBLE .
6.BATTERY:
BATTERY USED IN THIS CAPSULE IS BUTTON SHAPED AND
ARE TWO IN NUMBER AS SHOWN. THE BATTERIES ARE
ARRANGED TOGETHER JUST BEHIND THE CMOS IMAGE
SENSOR.

11. 7. ASIC TRANSMITTER : -
THE APPLICATION SPECIFIC
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
TRANSMITTER IS ARRANGED
BEHIND THE BATTERY .TWO
TRANSMITTING ELECTRODES ARE
CONNECTED TO THE OUTLINES OF
THE ASIC TRANSMITTER
8. ANTENNAE : -
THE ANTENNA IS ARRANGED AT
THE END OF THE CAPSULE. IT IS
ENCLOSED IN A DOME SHAPED
CHAMBER .

12.  First sensor array , data recorder,
which are incorporated with in a belt
are worn by the patient.
 Then capsule is swallowed by the
patient like a conventional pill. And
the camera takes images as it is
propelled forward.
PROCEDURE : -

13. SENSOR
ARRAY AND DATA
RECORDER BELT
 Sensor array is used to indicate the
position of the capsule in the body
and receives the images transmitted
by the capsule.
 Then the data recorder records the
images transmitted by the capsule
and received by the sensor array.
 Then a computer processes the data
and produces continuous still
images .

14.  Painless , no side affects
 Small size .
 Accurate and effective .
 High quality images .
 Simple procedure.
 Efficient than endoscopy.
 Made with harmless material
ADVANTAGES : -

15. o Patients with pregnant women face difficulties.
o Impossible to control camera behavior.
o Very expensive.
o Not reusable.
DRAWBACKS :-

16.  Crohn’s Disease
 Mal-absorption Disorders
 Biggest impact in medical industry
 Nano robots perform delicate surgeries
APPLICATIONS : -

17. FUTURE SCOPE
• Zooming and auto focus
• Reduction in size
• Cost effective
• Longer battery life

18. CONCLUSION:
 The capsule endoscopy is a pioneering concept
for medical technology of the 21st century.
 The endoscopy system is the first if its kind to
be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the
entire small intestine.
 It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic
imaging to a great extent and has proved to be
of great help to physicians all over the world .