A pill camera is a capsule-sized device used in endoscopy to record images of the digestive tract. It contains a tiny camera that takes pictures after being swallowed. The primary use is to examine the small intestine, which other endoscopy methods cannot access well. The capsule transmits images wirelessly to an external receiver as it passes through the tract. Images are then reviewed by doctors to diagnose problems, though the capsule cannot treat any issues found. While generally safe, there is a small risk of the capsule being retained in the body for an extended time. It works using electromagnetic waves and has protections to safely pass through the digestive system.

1. PILL CAMERA

2. INDEX
 WHAT IS A PILL CAMERA
 HISTORY AND INVENTION
 USAGE IN MEDICINE FIELD
 SIDE EFFECTS
 PARTS OF A PILL CAMERA
 HOW DOES IT WORKS

3. WHAT IS A PILL CAMERA
 It is a camera inside a pill used in endoscopy a way
to record images of the digestive tract for use in
medicine.
 The capsule is the size and shape of a pill and
contains a tiny camera.
 After a patient swallows the capsule, it takes pictures
of the inside of the gastrointestinal tract.
 The primary use of capsule endoscopy is to examine
areas of the small intestine that cannot be seen by
other types of endoscopy such as colonoscopy or
Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy.

4. HISTORY AND USAGE
 It was adopted because it was safer than the
endoscopy with a bulb and a long wire.
 It doesn’t cause oral problems and throat problems
hence was operated in the American Institute of
Medicine and further became popular in India also.

5. USAGE IN MEDICINE FIELD
 Capsule endoscopy is used to examine parts of the
gastrointestinal tract that cannot be seen with other
types of endoscopy.
 Upper endoscopy, also called EGD, uses a camera
attached to a long flexible tube to view the esophagus, the
stomach and the beginning of the first part of the small
intestine called the duodenum.
 A colon scope, inserted through the rectum, can view the
colon and the distal portion of the small intestine, the
terminal ileum.
 These two types of endoscopy cannot visualize the
majority of the middle portion of the gastrointestinal
tract, the small intestine.

7. USAGE IN MEDICINE FIELD
 Capsule endoscopy can be used to diagnose problems in
the small intestine, but unlike EGD or colonoscopy it
cannot treat pathology that may be discovered.
 Capsule endoscopy transfers the captured images
wirelessly to an external receiver worn by the patient
using one of appropriate frequency bands.
 The collected images are then transferred to a computer
for diagnosis, review and display.
 A transmitted radio-frequency signal can be used to
accurately estimate the location of the capsule and to
track it in real time inside the body and gastrointestinal
tract.

9. SIDE EFFECTS
 It is considered to be a very safe method to
determine an unknown cause of a gastrointestinal
bleed.
 The capsule usually passes through feces within 24–
48 hours.
 There has been a report of retention of the capsule
for almost 5 years. The patient was asymptomatic.

10. PARTS OF A PILL CAMERA

11. MECHANISM
 It works on the basis of EV Waves
 Electro magnetic waves
 Has a protective capsular case to protect from
human gastric juices and acidic nature of hcl.
 It has a lens and a a illuminating LED projctor to
capture and display a distinct and clear video in a
sophisticated screen.
 It is a smooth functioning equipment with very less
irrititability.

12. THANKYOU