The document describes a pill-sized camera that can be swallowed to take pictures of the digestive tract. It consists of a camera, lights, transmitters and batteries in a capsule sized at 26x11mm. As it travels through the digestive system, it takes 50,000 color images which are transmitted to an external recorder and computer. The capsule helps diagnose conditions like Crohn's disease and tumors of the small intestine in a non-invasive way. It provides high quality images and has advantages over conventional endoscopy, though early models had disadvantages of getting stuck or lack of control that newer technologies have helped overcome.

1. PILL
CAMERA
ANBARASI.M

2. CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION
 CONVENTIONAL METHOD
 DESCRIPTION
 COMPONENTS
 DATA RECORDER AND COMPUTERISATION
 WORKING
 IMAGES OBTAINED BY PILL CAMERA
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES AND OVERCOMES
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION:
• It is a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel
through your body taking pictures, helping
diagnose a problem which doctors previously
would have found only through surgery.
• It was invented by Gavriel Iddan in 2000 and
gained approval by US Food and Drug
Administration in 2001.

4. CONVENTIONAL METHOD:
• Doctors earlier used
Endoscopy Procedure to
see the inside lining of
digestive tract .
• Endoscope- a flexible
fiber optic tube with a
tiny TV camera at the
end.
• The camera is connected
to either an eyepiece for
direct viewing or Video
screen that displays the
images on a colour tv.

5. DESCRIPTION:
• CAMERA
• LIGHT
• TRANSMITTERS
• BATTERY
The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is
capable of transmitting 50,000 color images during
its traversal through the digestive system of patient

6. COMPONENTS:
1.Optical Dome :
 This shape results in easy orientation of
the capsule axis along the central axis of
small intestine and so helps propel the
capsule forward easily.
2.Lens Holder :
 The Lens Holder is that part of the
capsule which accommodates the lens.
3.Lens:
 The Lens is an integral component of
the capsule.
4.Illuminating LED’S:
 Around the Lens & CMOS Image
Sensor, four LED’s (Light Emitting
Diodes) are present.

7. 5.Battery :
 Silver Oxide primary batteries
are used (Zinc/Alkaline
Electrolyte/Silver Oxide).
6.CMOS Image :
 CMOS (Complementary Metal
Oxide Semiconductor) is highly
sensitive and produces very
high quality images.
7.ASIC Transmitter :
 Two Transmitting Electrodes are
connected to the outlines of
the ASIC Transmitter.
8.Antennae :
 Antennae is arranged at the
end of the capsule. It is
enclosed in a dome shaped
chamber.

8. DATA RECORDER AND
COMPUTERISATION:

9. WORKING:
 The pill camera is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill.
 It is propelled forward through peristalsis.

10. It captures images of the
digestive tract as it travels
through the gut more than
twice a second.
A wireless recorder worn on a
belt receives the image
transmitted by the pill.
The physician then transfers the stored data to
computer for processing and analysis.
Computer workstation processes the data and
produces a continuous still images.

11. IMAGES OBTAINED BY PILL
CAMERA:

12. APPLICATIONS:
Used for diagnosis of the following:
 Crohn’s Disease.
 Mal-absorption disorders.
 Tumors of small intestine.
 Ulcerative colitis
 Treatment related to small bowel
injury

13. ADVANTAGES:
 Painless ,no side effects and compilations.
 Smaller size, hence it is easier to travel through digestive gut.
 Accurate, precise and effective.
 Images taken are of high quality.
 Made of bio compatible material and hence doesn’t cause any harm
to the body.
DISADVANTAGES AND OVERCOMES:
 The pill will get struck if there is a small obstruction in small
intestine.
 Overcome: rice grain sized motor is used in nanotechnology.
 Impossible to control the camera behaviour.
 Overcome: bi-directional telemetry camera is used.

14. CONCLUSION:
The Capsule Endoscopy is a pioneering concept
for Medical Technology of the 21st century.
 The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to
be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the
entire small intestine.
 It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic
imaging to a great extent and has proved to be
of great help to physicians all over the world.