1) The document describes a capsule camera, also known as a pill camera, which is a pill-sized device that can be swallowed to take pictures inside the digestive tract to diagnose conditions. 2) The capsule contains a camera, lights, transmitter and batteries and transmits up to 50,000 color images as it passes through the digestive system, with the images being received by an external recorder. 3) The capsule camera provides a non-invasive alternative to endoscopy and is useful for diagnosing various conditions of the small intestine like Crohn's disease, ulcers, and tumors. It allows detection of disorders at an earlier stage compared to other tests.

1. RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, HASSAN
Presentation of Technical Seminar on
PILL CAMERA
SUBMITTED TO:
Mrs. Ankitha
Asst . Professor
Dept of CSE, RIT,
Hassan
SUBMITTED BY:
Bhuvana H S
[4RA19CS013]

2. CONTENTS
Introduction to Capsule Camera
Conventional Method
Inside a Capsule Camera
Endoscope Procedure
Description
Uses
Advantages
Drawbacks & Overcomes
Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION TO CAPSULE CAMERA
 Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel through your body
taking pictures, helping diagnose a problem which doctor previously
would have found only through surgery.

4. CONVENTIONAL METHOD
 Endoscopic examination is replaced by PILL CAMERA.
 With the help of capsule which contains conventional camera as shown
in fig not only can diagnoses, be made for certain conditions routinely
missed by other tests, but disorders can be detected at an earlier stage,
enabling treatment before complications develop.

5. OPTICAL DOME
LENS HOLDER
LENS ILLUMINATING
LED’S
CMOS
IMAGE SENSOR
BATTERY
ASIC
TRANSMITTER
ANTENNA
5 7
Inside a Capsule Camera

6. 1.Optical Dome
 This shape results in easy orientation of the capsule axis along the
central axis of small intestine and so helps propel the capsule
forward easily.
 The Optical Dome contains the Light Receiving Window .
2.Lens Holder
 The Lens Holder is that part of the capsule which accommodates
the lens. The lens is tightly fixed to the holder so that it doesn’t
get dislocated anytime.

7. 3.Lens
 The Lens is an integral component of the capsule.
 It is arranged behind the Light Receiving Window.
4.Illuminating LED’s
 Around the Lens & CMOS Image Sensor, four LED’s (Light
Emitting Diodes) are present. These plural lighting devices are
arranged in donut shape.

8. 5.CMOS Image Sensor
 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Image Sensor is
the most important part of the capsule. It is highly sensitive and
produces very high quality images.
 It has 140º field of view and can detect objects as small as possible.
6.Battery
 Battery used in the capsule is button shaped and are two in number as
shown. The batteries are arranged together just behind the CMOS
Image Sensor.
 Silver Oxide primary batteries are used (Zinc/Alkaline
Electrolyte/Silver Oxide). Such a battery has a even discharge voltage,
disposable and doesn’t cause harm to the body.

9. 7.ASIC Transmitter
 The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Transmitter is
arranged behind the Batteries as shown. Two Transmitting
Electrodes are connected to the outlines of the ASIC Transmitter.
 These electrodes are electrically isolated from each other.
8.Antennae
 As shown, the Antennae is arranged at the end of the capsule. It is
enclosed in a dome shaped chamber.

10. Endoscopy Procedure
 Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill.
 It takes images as it is propelled forward by peristalsis.
 A wireless recorder, worn on a belt, receives the images
transmitted by the pill.
 A computer workstation processes the data and produces a
continuous still images.

11. DATA
RECORDER
COMPUTER
Movement Of Capsule Through
The Digestive System
 Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data On Computer.
 Produces two images per second, approximately 2,600 high
quality images.

12. Images obtained by
capsule camera

13. DESCRIPTION
 The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System, comes in
capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter and
batteries.
 The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.

14.  Crohn's Disease.
 Malabsorption Disorders.
 Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
 Ulcerative Colitis
 Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury.
USES

15. Advantages
 Painless, no side affects or complications.
 Miniature size, so can move easily through the digestive system.
 Accurate, precise and effective.
 Images taken are of very high quality which are sent almost
instantaneously to the data recorder for storage.
 Made of bio-compatible material, doesn’t cause any harm to the body.

16. DRAWBACKS & OVERCOMES
.
1.Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good
candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction.
The first drawback is overcome using another product manufactured
with the help of Nanotechnology which is the rice- grain sized motor.
2. The Pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in the small
intestine.
3. Impossible to control Camera behavior.
These two drawbacks can be overcome using a bi-directional telemetry
Camera.

17. Conclusion
The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneering concept for Medical
Technology of the 21st century. The endoscopy system is the first of its
kind to be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire small
intestine. It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great
extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the
world.

18. REFERENCES
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_endoscopy
 http://www.medicaldiscoverynews.com/shows/pillCamera.html
 http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2008-02-07-pill-
camera_N.htm
 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/shamimanazim-668821-pillcam/
 http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/devices/a-better-camera-pill
 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/does-camera-pill-work.html

19. THANK YOU