The document describes the concept and functioning of a pill camera, an innovative diagnostic tool utilizing nanotechnology to capture images inside the digestive system. It outlines the components, advantages, drawbacks, and the non-invasive procedure of the capsule camera, highlighting its significant potential in modern medical imaging. The conclusion emphasizes its role as a groundbreaking advancement in diagnostic technology, offering high-quality imaging without the invasiveness of traditional endoscopy.

1. PILL CAMERA: Concept
Of Nanotechnology
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction to Pill Camera
 Conventional Method
 Description
 Components of Capsule Camera
 Inside a Capsule Capsule Camera
 Endoscope Procedure
 Uses
 Advantages
 Drawbacks & Overcomes
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction to Pill Camera
 The technology used to achieve manufacturing the product at molecular
level is “NANOTECHNOLOGY”.
 Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices and system
through manipulation of such miniscule matter (nanometer).
Trillions of assemblers will be needed to develop products in viable time
frame.
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4.  In order to create enough assemblers to build consumer goods, some Nano
machines called explicators will be developed using self-replication process.
Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel through your body
taking pictures,helping diagnose a problem which doctor previously would
have found only through surgery.
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5. Conventional Method
• Currently, standard method of detecting
abnormalities in the intestines is through
endoscopic examination in which
doctors advance a scope down into the
small intestine via the mouth.
• Endoscopic examination is replaced by
PILL CAMERA using Coventional
Method
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6. Description
The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System, comes in
capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter and
batteries.
The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.
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7. OPTICAL DOME
LENS HOLDER
LENS
ILLUMINATING LED’S CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
BATTERY
ASIC
TRANSMITTER
ANTENNA
5 7
Inside a Capsule Camera
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8. 1.Optical Dome
 This shape results in easy orientation of the capsule axis along the
central axis of small intestine and so helps propel the capsule forward
easily.
 The Optical Dome contains the Light Receiving Window .
2.Lens Holder
 The Lens Holder is that part of the capsule which accommodates
the lens. The lens is tightly fixed to the holder so that it doesn’t get
dislocated anytime.
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9. 3.Lens
 The Lens is an integral component of the capsule.
 It is arranged behind the Light Receiving Window.
4.Illuminating LED’s
 Around the Lens & CMOS Image Sensor, four LED’s (Light Emitting
Diodes) are present. These plural lighting devices are arranged in donut
shape.
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10. 5.CMOS Image Sensor
 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Image
Sensor is the most important part of the capsule. It is highly sensitive
and produces very high quality images.
It has 140º field of view and can detect objects as small as possible.
6.Battery
 Battery used in the capsule is button shaped and are two in number
as shown. The batteries are arranged together just behind the CMOS
Image Sensor.
 Silver Oxide primary batteries are used (Zinc/Alkaline
Electrolyte/Silver Oxide). Such a battery has a even discharge voltage,
disposable and doesn’t cause harm to the body.
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11. 7.ASIC Transmitter
 The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Transmitter is
arranged behind the Batteries as shown. Two Transmitting Electrodes
are connected to the outlines of the ASIC Transmitter.
These electrodes are electrically isolated from each other.
8.Antennae
 As shown, the Antennae is arranged at the end of the capsule. It is
enclosed in a dome shaped chamber.
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12. Endoscopy Procedure
 Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill.
 It takes images as it is propelled forward by peristalsis.
 A wireless recorder, worn on a belt, receives the images
transmitted by the pill.
 A computer workstation processes the data and produces a
continuous still images.
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13. DATA
RECORDER
COMPUTER
Movement Of Capsule Through The
Digestive System
Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data On
Computer
Produces two images per
second, approximately 2,600
high quality images.
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14. Images obtained by
capsule camera
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15.  Crohn's Disease.
 Malabsorption Disorders.
 Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
 Ulcerative Colitis
 Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury.
USES
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16. Advantages
 Painless, no side affects or complications.
 Miniature size, so can move easily through the digestive system.
 Accurate, precise and effective.
 Images taken are of very high quality which are sent almost
instantaneously to the data recorder for storage.
 Made of bio-compatible material, doesn’t cause any harm to the
body.
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17. Drawbacks & Overcomes
. Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good
candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction.
The Pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in the small
intestine.
 Impossibl to control Camera behavior.
OVERCOME
The first drawback is overcome using another product manufactured
with the help of nanotechnology which is the rice- grain sized motor.
 The second Drawback can be overcome using bi-directional telemetry
Camera.
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18. Wireless Endoscopy
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19. Conclusion
The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneering concept for Medical
Technology of the 21st century.
The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able to provide
non-invasive imaging of the entire small intestine.
It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great
extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the
world.
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