The document discusses color vision and the theories behind how humans perceive color. It explains that humans have three types of cones in the retina that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing for trichromatic color vision. It describes how the opponent process theory proposes that the visual system processes color information by two opponent mechanisms - red versus green and blue versus yellow. It also discusses how color information is transmitted from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex in the brain.