Mula-Mutha River in pune (India) is one of the most vulnerable water bodies to pollution because of their role in carrying municipal and industrial wastes and run-offs from agricultural lands in their vast drainage basins. Despite of the various standards and laws made by government many industries were discharging their waste directly into the river making its quality poor day by day. The restoration of river water quality has been a major challenge to the environmental managers. Detailed research and analysis is needed to evaluate different process and mechanism involved in polluting water. The aim of the work under the title is to analyze the river by dividing it into various sampling station. The present study also identifies the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality during its course through the city. The indices have been computed for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season at four locations, Khadakwasla , Sangamwadi, Vithalwadi &Bund Garden. It was found that the water quality ranged from satisfactory to marginal category at Khadakwasla and fell under very poor category at all other locations. This research have a vast future scope as the rapid industrialization results in formation of toxic contaminants leading to enormous damages to environment directly putting the lives at risk. Thus, this gathered information would be handy and helpful for preventing or at-least reducing the hazardous impacts.
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS IN URBAN AREAS.pptxPrabal Dahal
Presentation on planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas (paper by Maria Ignatieva, Glenn H. Stewart and Colin Meurk; published on Landscape and Ecological Engineering Jan 2011)
The concept of knowledge-based urban development has first come to the urban planning and development agenda during the very last years of the 20th century as a promising paradigm to support the transformation process of cities into knowledge cities and their societies into knowledge societies
This presentation talks about the basics of transportation planning. The transportation jargons that are used like ROW, Carriage way etc. It also talks about the Road hierarchy, Intersections, Road Capacity and Level of Service.
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS IN URBAN AREAS.pptxPrabal Dahal
Presentation on planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas (paper by Maria Ignatieva, Glenn H. Stewart and Colin Meurk; published on Landscape and Ecological Engineering Jan 2011)
The concept of knowledge-based urban development has first come to the urban planning and development agenda during the very last years of the 20th century as a promising paradigm to support the transformation process of cities into knowledge cities and their societies into knowledge societies
This presentation talks about the basics of transportation planning. The transportation jargons that are used like ROW, Carriage way etc. It also talks about the Road hierarchy, Intersections, Road Capacity and Level of Service.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
THIS FILE IS ABOUT THE DETAIL STUDY OF THE WARD NO 49 OF THE BHOPAL ,INDIA. IT TALKS ABOUT THE LOCATION OF WARD, LANDMARKS IN THE WARD,STASTICS,AND THE ISSUES IN THE WARD AND ALSO SOME SOLUTIONS REGARDING IT.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME-A CASE STUDYijiert bestjournal
Purandar Lift Irrigation scheme is on Mula-Mutha River near Pune in India envisaged to supply
4 TMC of water to drought prone area of Purandar, Daund, Haveli & Baramati. It is observed
that the raw water quality available near source is far below the acceptable limits for surface
water irrigation.
The farmers are raising objections for supply of raw water for irrigation purpose. The main
reason for the reluctance of the farmers in using available river water is undesirable organic & in
organic impurities, blackish green color & obnoxious smell of water. The chemical analysis
results indicate that BOD (Biological Oxidation Demand) & COD (Chemical Oxidation
Demand) values of the river water used for irrigation purpose are above permissible limits.
Our main aim in the project was to find out whether the polluted water of the river would have
any long term environmental effects on the soil and ground water of the Saswad-Purandar area.
For this purpose we conducted several site visits to check the extent of pollution of the river
water at different locations. We tested soil & ground water samples of the area where lifted water
is used for irrigation. We also suggested low cost treatmentaerated facultative lagoons to treat the
river water.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
THIS FILE IS ABOUT THE DETAIL STUDY OF THE WARD NO 49 OF THE BHOPAL ,INDIA. IT TALKS ABOUT THE LOCATION OF WARD, LANDMARKS IN THE WARD,STASTICS,AND THE ISSUES IN THE WARD AND ALSO SOME SOLUTIONS REGARDING IT.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME-A CASE STUDYijiert bestjournal
Purandar Lift Irrigation scheme is on Mula-Mutha River near Pune in India envisaged to supply
4 TMC of water to drought prone area of Purandar, Daund, Haveli & Baramati. It is observed
that the raw water quality available near source is far below the acceptable limits for surface
water irrigation.
The farmers are raising objections for supply of raw water for irrigation purpose. The main
reason for the reluctance of the farmers in using available river water is undesirable organic & in
organic impurities, blackish green color & obnoxious smell of water. The chemical analysis
results indicate that BOD (Biological Oxidation Demand) & COD (Chemical Oxidation
Demand) values of the river water used for irrigation purpose are above permissible limits.
Our main aim in the project was to find out whether the polluted water of the river would have
any long term environmental effects on the soil and ground water of the Saswad-Purandar area.
For this purpose we conducted several site visits to check the extent of pollution of the river
water at different locations. We tested soil & ground water samples of the area where lifted water
is used for irrigation. We also suggested low cost treatmentaerated facultative lagoons to treat the
river water.
The present investigation along the Mithi River of Mumbai deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters like pH,
Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand content in water samples. The study was performed over a
period of 8 months from October 2013 to May 2014. Sampling was carried out at five different locations along the stretch of the Mithi River in Mumbai. The study points towards Pollution Status of the Mithi River.
TE_Seminar Report_Water Pollution of Ganga river_19151029(1).pdfSHUBHAMSAWANT87
The Ganga is an important River both from a socio economic and religous view point. However,
it was being polluted by domestic and industrial activities along its banks. The Ganga Action Plan
was initiated in 1986 to clean up the River and protect it from further pollution. The Ganges
provides ecosystem services which are of vital importance for the inhabitants of the Ganges River
basin. However, the water quality of the Ganga River deteriorates downstream. Indian cities, e.g.,
Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna, and Varanasi, are local hotspots of pollution and poor water quality.
Downstream of these cities the river’s water quality improves, but never restores to its original
state. This study in order to stimulate future discussions and actions on improving the water quality
and ecology of the Ganga River. The first objective of this study is to assess the impact of urban
activity on Ganges water quality and to identify and quantify major pollution sources into the
Ganges. The second objective included the search for an existing biotic index which can analyze
Ganges ecological status. The main result of this study to provide an overview and trend of the
water quality of Ganga River, which can be used for future development plans of the Ganga River
and if we ignore this then we have to face revealed alarmingly high levels of nutrient- and organic
pollution in the Ganges.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico Chemical and Bacteriological Char...ijtsrd
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in Central and Northen India, and thus forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state. It is a legendary river and finds mention in ancient scriptures. The perennial Chambal originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, near Manpur, Indore, on the south slope of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan. It ends a confluence of five rivers, including the Chambal, Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, Pahuj, at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh state, at the border of Bhind and Etawah districts. The Chambal River is considered pollution free, and hosts an amazing riverine faunal assemblage including 2 species of crocodilians - the mugger and gharial, 8 species of freshwater turtles, smooth coated otters, gangetic river dolphins, skimmers, black bellied terns, sarus cranes and black necked storks, amongst others. The Chambal River is used for hydropower generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam and for annual irrigation of 5668.01 square kilometres in the commands of the right main canal and the left main canal of the Kota Barrage. The present article describes seasonal and temporal variations in physico chemical and bacteriological characteristics of Chambal river in Kota City, Rajasthan. Bablu Ram Meena | Sandeep Singh "Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Chambal River in Kota City, Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49278/seasonal-and-temporal-variations-in-physicochemical-and-bacteriological-characteristics-of-chambal-river-in-kota-city-rajasthan/bablu-ram-meena
An Assessment of Water Quality of Gomati River Particular Relevant To Physico...IJERA Editor
The study was carried out to determine physicochemical characteristics, residues of pesticide and heavy metals in water of Gomati River in Lucknow to understand its ecology. In this study the water samples were collected from 5 different locations from upstream to downstream of Lucknow from all three sites i.e, right, middle and left. Analyte including organochlorine pesticide (OCP’s) and herbicides (H) α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, op-DDT, pp-DDT, pp-DDE, op-DDE, op-DDD, pp-DDD, α- endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan SO4, dicofol, heptachlor, alachlor, atrazine, butachlor, pendimethalin and heavy metals Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni were analysed. The method for pesticide residues was based on d-SPE. The quantification was done by GC-ECD and confirmation by GC-MS/MS. Heavy metals were analysed by AAS.The results revealed that river water was contaminated with HCH, DDT, alachlor, heptachlor and butachlor at hanuman sethu and gomati bairaj which may contribute to toxicity in the ecosystem of the river. The recovery ranged from 76.6 to 96.2 %, with relative standard deviations below 14%. The results revealed that river water was contaminated with ∑HCH (ND - 0.024 μg/ml), endosulfan (ND - 0.127 μg/ml), dicofol (ND - 0.041 μg/ml), alachlor (ND - 0.035 μg/ml), heptachlor (ND - 0.107 μg/ml) and butachlor (ND - 0.135 μg/ml) which may contribute to toxicity in the ecosystem of river. The heavy metals found in river water were in range: Cu (0.004 - 0.016 μg/ml); Fe (0.554 - 1.179 μg/ml); Mn (0.044 - 0.112 μg/ml); Pb (0.167 - 0.327 μg/ml) and Zn (0.046 - 0.168 μg/ml). The physicochemical parameter; pH (6.8 - 7.5), electrical conductivity (0.533 - 0.764 ms/cm), total dissolved solids (202 - 388 mg/l), chloride (17.99 - 35.98 mg/l) were recorded. The water quality has been found unsafe for civil consumption. The higher level of pollutants polluting water quality of river are disturbing the ecology of river and affecting human health directly and indirectly.A
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Water quality analysis of bhishma lake at gadag cityeSAT Journals
Abstract The water bodies are facing a severe threat of pollution all over the world. Eutrophication in lakes is widespread world and the severity is increasing especially in the developing countries like India. The main objective is to study t haell eoffveecrt st hoef pwoelrleu ticoonll eocf tweda tefrro qmu aJlaitnyu ianr yB htios hAmpar illa kaen dd ubei -tmo ornatphildy utrebsatsn iwzaetrieo nc aanrrdi etdo ioduetn. tiTfyh eth pe hsyosuicrcoe-cs hoefm pioclalul tciohna rianc ltaekries.t iTchs eo sfa mwaptleers sdaismsopllvees dl iokxey gpeHn,, tBuOrbDid iwtye,r ea lakanlailnyiztye,d tiont aol rdhearr dtnoe sdse,t etromtailn ed itshseo llveevde ls oolfi dcso,n ntaitmraintea,n tpsh porsepsheantte ,i nc hlalokrei dwe,a tpeor taasnsdiu imts, psoosdsiiubmle, smoidtiiguamti,o nni tmraetaes, uprheso.s pWhaatteer, pqoutaalsitsiieusm s,u Dchi ssaos lvpeHd, OTxoytagle nD i(sDsoOlv) eadn sdo lBidios c(hTeDmSic),a lt uOrbxiydgietyn, Dalekmalainnidty ,( BtoOtDal) ,h aCrhdenmesicsa, lc hOloxyrigdeen, sDheomwaendd t h(CatO tDhe) wtoetrael dheatredrnmeisnse, dt ufrobri dwitayt,e rto staaml dpilsesso clvoellde cstoeldid fsr oamnd f iavelk astlaintiiotyn sv ainlu leask ee.x cTeheed iannga ltyhsei sd oesf irlaakbele w laimteirt paanrda mdueete rtos pCrheesmeniccael oOf xoyrggeann icD aenmda nindo r(gCaOnDic) phoallsu tiannctrse aDsiesdso lwvehdic hO xsyhgoewns (DthOe ) phoaosr reqduuaclietdy , oBfi owchaetemr icaanl dO ixsy gneont Dsueimtaabnlde (fBoOr Dh)u manadn consumption these values have been graphically plotted. Keywords: Lake Water Quality analysis, BOD, COD.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to Physicochemical Analysis of Mula Mutha River Pune (20)
Productivity Development in the Construction Industry by International Compar...civejjour
A downward trend on productivity growth rates has been observed since the 1970s of the twentieth century
for construction sectors of western industrial countries. Despite conflicting evidence, numerous recent
economic studies on growth research suggest that innovation and technology are significant drivers for
productivity and growth. According to the OECD the lack or low level of employees' skills and qualifications
might be in different ways a possible explanation for the observed slowdown of productivity growth. In this
context, intrafirm behaviour has long been recognized as a potentially important driver for productivity.
Results from surveys show that management practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving
more data collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the measured
management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies suggest that there is a positive
association between human skills and productivity
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
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harvesting and water conservation.
Stormwater Runoff Treatment and Infiltration via Silica-Sand based Pervious P...civejjour
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH,
TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff
pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark
values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the
need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two
bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of
500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention
and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the
average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average
removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is
featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant
concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger
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The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
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The Dynamics of Man's History and Economic Development: A Refocus on Ecologic...civejjour
Man’s history and developmental endeavour have been advancing alongside a trail of
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on the planet. The paper seeks to explore how man’s history and development affects ecology
and climate. It uses desk analysis to recollect data from global assessment reports and runs a
One paired Sample Means t-Test, 1 tailed, 8 df, at Pearson Correlation value 0.458 and 0.5
level. Findings show that, there is global climate change, seen in global warming trends; and
imbalance in ecological footprint, seen in depletion of air, water and land sinks. The t-Test
reveals significant net loss of global forest cover. The study also, found that at present,
processes of development generally tend to damage ecology. Therefore, the study
recommends a refocus to sustainable means of development.
Cost Effective Methods in Construction Engineeringcivejjour
The economic impact of construction cost overrun is a possible loss of the economic justification for the
project. The financial impact of a cost overrun results in demand for construction investment credits.
Therefore reliable estimates of construction cost are an important aspect to the contemporary construction
companies especially during the conceptual phase of lifecycle management. In this paper a cost-effective
analysis is done using one of the cost effective construction technique called Rat Trap Bond versus Flemish
bond and when estimated with CPWD 2012 schedule of rates it is proved that Low cost techniques such as
rat trap bond provides better cost effectiveness as compared to conventional Flemish bond construction
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Geotechnical Characterization on the Soyo Road Section using Electrical Resis...civejjour
The need for near-surface soils and rocks characterization at planned construction sites, using geophysical
techniques, has grown rapidly during the last few decades to map the variations in the soil stiffness and the
depth to bedrock. Although borehole data are important in geotechnical engineering, providing
information on stability and strength of soils and rocks, it is limited to a few points. To take borehole data
on the hole construction site becomes necessary increase the borehole density, which makes the project
very expensive. Geophysical techniques have the advantage in collecting information of large volume of
soils and rocks in its natural state. The Soyo Road was opened to traffic in 2017 but, due to the lack on
soils and rocks physic-mechanical properties information, there is still to complete a section of about 700
meters in the mangrove zone. Geophysical techniques were applied with the main goal of providing
technical information, essential for the completion of the targeted road section. Electrical resistivity data
was recorded along a profile of 820m long, using forty-two electrodes20-meter spaced, under pole-dipole
array. Seismic measurements were taken using twenty-four geophones, 5-meter spaced, 115-meter length
spread. Five seismic spreads were connected, generating a seismic line of 575-meters long. Measured
geophysical data were processed using EarthImager 2D, SeisImager/2D and SeisImager/SWpackages.
Electrical resistivity section shows two zones, the first associated with unconsolidated and/or poorly
consolidated soils, composed by clay, silt, sandy, carbonated rocks mixed with sloth and organic clay and,
the second associated with rock, composed by clay, all them saturated with marine saltwater. Seismic
refraction section shows an interface separating non-compacted soils and unconsolidated rocks to
compacted soils. Multi-channel analysis of surface waves model shows an alternating sequence of
horizontal horizons in the investigated first ≈25-meter depth, composed by non-compacted soils and/or
unconsolidated rocks and compacted soils. Due to its shear velocity values the site is constituted by soft
and stiff soils, composed by homogeneous organic matter and elements of mineral origin, responsible for
the ruptures and landslides that occurred and for the sinking of the structures built on the site.
The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
form lifelines to many communities; the water storage concept is as old as civilization itself. Location and
land availability often dictate the topology of the tank’s structure. They may be either shallow and stubby
or deep yet slender or anywhere in between having an aspect ratio dictated by overall site conditions. In
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Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF AIRCRAFT NOISE AROUND ABU DHABI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of the Superplasticizer Effect on the Concrete Compressive Strengt...civejjour
Concrete is the most important material in the civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a
non-linear function of the concrete age and some constituents. These constituents include cement, blast
furnace slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The superplasticizers are
among elements which are important in increasing the concrete compressive strength and we are going to
analyze here using the tree-classification decision algorithm. The decision trees, usually, are used in
classification of a bunch of data. J48 is one of the most favoured ones. The decision trees are developed
using information entropy on a collection of training data. J48 is a recursive algorithm that combines the
remaining of the following data sets and continues normalizing the output data using the separation
process until a uniform classification result obtains. This article evaluates the superplasticizer effect on the
concrete compressive strength using the tree-classification decision algorithm.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of Performance of High Calcium Fly Ash as a Mineral Filler in Mix ...civejjour
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effective selected fillers. The chemical analysis and material testing performed on high calcium Fly Ash
filler indicate its suitability for incorporation in the mix design. The optimum mix design for microsurfacing
Type II and Type III is determined through trial and error method. Also, the performance of a laboratory
design mix is evaluated with field application. The field experimentation indicate that the mineral filler
showed good performance for the test conducted on field after 24 hours and 6 months of application. The
results evaluated in the field for skid resistance and surface texture indicate high calcium Fly Ash can be
utilized for microsurfacing of road pavement.
Intelligent Transportation System Based Traffic Congestion Modeling for Urban...civejjour
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arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route
into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the
segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics
(flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic
characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is
then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion
index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour
practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network
planning and management.
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersectionscivejjour
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universal. This study aims to find out the influence of the waiting time of pedestrians at an intersection and
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were collected in Suzhou China, which had different maximum waiting times. The validation would use the
complementary video data. There are several factors, which have great influence on the proportion of
pedestrian violations, such as the age, sex, arrive time, red phase, conflicting traffic volume and the length
of volume crosswalks. Additionally, The significance of pedestrian maximum waiting time was highlighted
in the end. For the purpose of reducing dangerous pedestrian behaviors at signalized intersections,
minimizing waiting times is supposed to be one proper way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
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Physicochemical Analysis of Mula Mutha River Pune
1. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
37
PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MULA MUTHA
RIVER PUNE
Pali Sahu1
, Sonali Karad2
, Sagar Chavan2
and Sourabh Khandelwal2
1
Asst.Prof. Environmental Engineering, Civil Department, VIIT, Pune, India
2
U.G. Student, Civil Department, VIIT, Pune, India
ABSTRACT
Mula-Mutha River in pune (India) is one of the most vulnerable water bodies to pollution because of their
role in carrying municipal and industrial wastes and run-offs from agricultural lands in their vast
drainage basins. Despite of the various standards and laws made by government many industries were
discharging their waste directly into the river making its quality poor day by day. The restoration of river
water quality has been a major challenge to the environmental managers. Detailed research and analysis
is needed to evaluate different process and mechanism involved in polluting water. The aim of the work
under the title is to analyze the river by dividing it into various sampling station. The present study also
identifies the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality during its course through the city. The
indices have been computed for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season at four locations,
Khadakwasla , Sangamwadi, Vithalwadi &Bund Garden. It was found that the water quality ranged from
satisfactory to marginal category at Khadakwasla and fell under very poor category at all other locations.
This research have a vast future scope as the rapid industrialization results in formation of toxic
contaminants leading to enormous damages to environment directly putting the lives at risk. Thus, this
gathered information would be handy and helpful for preventing or at-least reducing the hazardous
impacts.
KEYWORDS
Water pollution; Mula Mutha River; Industrial Effluent; Domestic Sewage; Agriculture Runoff; Physico-
chemical characteristics; BOD; COD; pH; Turbidity; Hardness
1. INTRODUCTION
Increase in globalization and industrialization country faces the various challenges for providing
clean and safe water to the public. As more number of rivers is getting polluted, the acting bodies
such as municipalities are finding it difficult to treat river water to safe levels and supply it to
people. In terms of its fast growth and development, Pune city becomes one of the growing and
emerging cities of India (1). More and more people from outside town and cities are migrating
into Pune city. The population increase in Pune city during the last 2-3 decades has been
particularly rapid with a resultant effect on the increase of water pollution level. To serve the vast
population, only one sewage treatment plant is there in Pune city, which has a capacity of 90
MLD (million liters per day). The plant has almost 50%-55% efficiency of treating waste water
and remaining untreated effluents are usually discharged into the rivers directly (4, 5).
Mula-Mutha River is one of the major vulnerable river of Pune city. Mula originates from Mulshi
dam & it passes through Paud, Lavasa, Wakad, Balewadi, Baner, Aundh, Khadki, Vishrantwadi
and ends at Sangamwadi.
2. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
38
Mutha river origin from Khadakwasla dam & it passes through Dhari, Nanded, z-bridge, Juna-
bazzar, Pune RTO and ends at Sangamwadi. Both Mula and Mutha River merged at Sangamwadi
which is further joined by Indrayani & Bhima River (6). Due to rapid development of city the
pollution load into river Mula - Mutha has been increased as this river is passing from major
areas of Pune. Industrial areas having industries like Hindusthan antibiotics, Teleco, Bajaj Auto,
paper mills and others hundreds of small scale industries (2, 3). Various small scale industries as
well as some large scale industries use CETP for the treatment of their effluent but according to
survey (CPCB) many CETP are not maintaining various effluent standards before discharging
their water in to the river, which ultimately leads to pollution.
Mula is considered to be the lifeline of the Pune city. The water of Mula River is used for
drinking, bathing, industrial and irrigation purposes. The increasing urban and industrial activity
influences the water quality of Mula River both the river covers almost whole city. Hence it
receives disposal of solid wastes, domestic waste, hospitals and industrial effluents and some
amount of agricultural runoff.
Various authors had done analysis on Mula Mutha River some of them are:
D.G. Kanase et al studied the physicochemical characteristics of major River of Pune city in
2005. They studied and analyzed the Pawana & Mula and Mutha River. The analysis was carried
out for the parameters namely pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate. The data obtained by the analysis revealed that the pH
is between 7.5 & 8.6, DO, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate are within the desirable
limits.
Chandanshive Navnath Eknath et al also did the analysis on Mula Mutha River in 2013. Their
paper highlights the pollution level and their impact on aquatic life. According to their studies 72
species were reported in 1942 in the river. It has been observed by the various studies that fish
diversity is gradually decreasing since last 14-15 years, mainly due to increase in population and
pollution load. The physico-chemical aspects of water pollution of Mula-Mutha Rivers was
analysed seasonally. It is observed during their reserch that the level of pollution was optimum
during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons. In the polluted stretch of this river, many
tolerant as well as air breathing fish H fossils are found at many places
A. B. More, C.S. Chavan et al carried out the analysis of Mula Mutha River in 2014. As per
result analysis, it is found that some stations are highly polluted. Different stations are
polluted by different pollutant like solid waste, chemical waste, organic &inorganic waste.
In present study the analysis area is confined to stretch of rivers Mula and Mutha. Mula River
receives heavy loads of agricultural runoff through non point sources. Mutha River since it passes
through the city of Pune receives heavy loads of domestic sewage with some industrial waste (7).
Main objective of this study is:
To analyze the present pollution level of river.
To find out most populated zones.
To find various sources of pollution and to suggest the remedies for the same.
3. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
39
2. METHODS AND MATERIALS
2.1 Selection of sampling stations
In order to analyze the effects of pollution, stretch of the river, starting from Khadakwasla to
bund garden various station points were selected for sampling. A total of 4 locations were
selected along the stretch of the river.
STATION NO. NAME OF SAMPLING
STATION
RIVER
S1 KHADAKWASLA DAM MUTHA
S2 VITTHALWADI MUTHA
S3 SANGAMWADI MULA AND MUTHA
S4 BUND GARDEN MULA AND MUTHA
Figure 1: Station 1-Kadhakwasla dam
Figure2: Station 2-Vitthalwadi
4. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
40
Figure3: Station 3-Sangamwadi
Figure4: Station -4 Bund Garden
2.2 Water sampling:
Samples must be taken from locations which are representative of the water from sources,
treatment plants, storage facilities, distribution network and household connections. Samples
were collected for three seasons i.e. Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon Post-Monsoon. The samples were
of Grab samples collected in sterilized bottles using standard procedure (APHA 1995)
2.3 Parameters to be measured:
1. pH
2. Total Hardness
3. Turbidity
4. Dissolved oxygen
5. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
6. Chemical Oxygen Demand
5. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
41
3. RESULTS DISCUSSION:
Table1: Sampling Point variation in Monsoon Season
Sr No. Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4
1 pH 7.82 5.24 5.62 5.76
2 Turbidity 04 15 11 07
3 Hardness 13 92.58 75 112.2
4 DO 3.2 0.5 0.7 1.9
5 BOD 09 30 42 46
6 COD 48 40 52 62.5
Table2: Sampling point variation in Pre Monsoon Season (Summer)
Sr No. Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4
1 pH 8.40 6.71 7.71 6.48
2 Turbidity 03 21 11 09
3 Hardness 30.12 83.96 112.64 77.76
4 DO 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.4
5 BOD 9.5 28 31 51
6 COD 44 39 42 58
Table3:Sampling Point variation in Post Monsoon Season (Winter)
Sr No. Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4
1 pH 9.48 8.12 7.37 6.56
2 Turbidity 06 14 15 09
3 Hardness 30.16
102.44
104.68 124.04
4 DO 2.1 0.7 0.6 0.3
5 BOD 08 42 39 42
6 COD 40 45 58 73
6. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
42
3.1 pH:
Figure 5: pH
The weekly fluctuations of pH were observed at all the sampling stations of Mutha and Mula
River. The minimum pH of the surface water is 5.24 at sampling station S2 (Vitthalwadi) and
maximum is 9.48 at station S1 (Khadakwasla). pH levels normally vary due to environmental
influences, particularly Alkalinity. The variation of result may be due to the presence of dissolved
salts and carbonates of the surrounding soil.
3.2 Turbidity:
Figure 6: Turbidity
The turbidity mainly depends on flow condition of water. The minimum turbidity is 3 NTU at
station S1 and maximum turbidity is 21 NTU at station S2. It is observed that the turbidity at
Khadakwasla Dam (S1) alone varies due to the disturbance created by the people and maximum
at Vitthalwadi as all kinds of waste from temple is discharged directly into river. Overall
Turbidity is high at Vitthalwadi and goes on decreasing downstream towards the Bund Garden.
7. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
43
3.3 Total Hardness:
Figure 7: Total Hardness
The minimum hardness concentrations was 13 mg/l at sampling station S1 (Khadakwasla) in
monsoon and maximum is 124.04 mg/l at sampling station S4 (Bund Garden) in winter season.
At station S1(Khadakwasla) the hardness is minimum as there is no polluting factor is present,
but from the station point S2 the pollution level of river starts and hardness level goes on
increasing. Hardness is caused by various cations such as calcium and magnesium. Hardness
may be caused by natural accumulation of salts from soils and rocks. Also similar industrial
waste may also increase hardness.
3.4 Dissolved Oxygen :
Figure 8: Dissolved Oxygen
In the present investigations DO concentrations was recorded minimum 0.3 mg/l at sampling
station S4 (Bund Garden) and maximum was 3.2 mg/l at sampling station S1 (Khadakwasla).The
variation in DO was due to the decrease in natural recharge of water and increase in
concentration of waste. Since the wastewater undergo natural degradation process resulting
lowering DO levels in summer months. In the present study DO concentration was decreased
mainly at S2 S3, due to additional flow of domestic waste, which is mainly organic matter, and
other solid waste in to the water.
8. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
44
3.5 Biological Oxygen Demand:
Figure 9: Biological Oxygen Demand
BOD is another key indicator parameter in assessing degree of pollution. The range of BOD was
observed from minimum 8 mg/l at sampling station S1 (Khadakwasla) to maximum 46 mg/l at
sampling station S4 (Bund Garden). At many place one could also see black spots spreading on
the surface of water. There was nothing but deposited organic matters get an-aerobically
degraded bringing up the waste and spreading on the surface. At this point river water showed
zero or very less oxygen and highest BOD which affects aquatic life too.
3.6 Chemical Oxygen Demand:
Figure 10: Chemical Oxygen Deamnd
COD is another key indicator parameter in assessing degree of pollution. The range of COD was
observed from minimum 39 mg/l at sampling station S2 (Vitthalwadi) to maximum 73 mg/l at
sampling station s4 (Bund Garden).
9. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
45
4. CONCLUSION:
Increasing Water pollution is a major problem in all the rivers. Contaminated water is the biggest
health risk and continues to threaten both quality of life and public health. From our analysis on
Mula Muta River we concluded following points:
1.The analysis and result clearly shows that river water quality has deteriorated mainly due to
domestic sewage in case of river Mutha and industrial effluents in case of Mula River.
2.It is clear from the present analysis that the environment of the Mula and Mutha River showed
increasing load of pollution. There is need to have proper collection and treatment of waste and
need to regulate the flow.
5. FUTURE SCOPE:
According to our research, the major sources of pollution of river Mula -Mutha are presence of
dissolved salts and carbonates of the surrounding soil, waste from temples, additional flow of
domestic waste, industrial waste, and agricultural waste which is mainly organic matter, and
other solid waste in to the water.
1.To reduce the pollution level of river to decrease the load on treatment plant, some
measures should be implemented. Some kinds of measures which will help in reducing the
degradation and pollution level of river are as follow:
Public Awareness
Inspection of waste discharged by various industries and some limit should be fixed for
parameters causing pollution.
Prohibiting the public entries and interference with water quality at river banks.
Periodic checking and inspection should be done for wastes discharged from hotels and other
small scale industries.
10. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
46
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1. A. A. Kazmi, Akansha Bhatia et al: A short screening study on water quality of Indian rivers and
lakes :IWRS,Volume 33, No.3 July 2013
2. A. B. More, C.S. Chavan et al: Water Quality Status of Mula-Mutha River:GJRA, Volume 3,Issue
4,April 2014
3. Manohar G. Gavit, Manisha K. Sangale et al:Physicochemical Analysis of Flowing water of two
Rivers of the Pune City, Maharashtra, India: IJCR, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp 232-235, Feb2013
4. Nidhi Jain, R. K. Shrivastava: Comparative Review of Physico chemical Assessment of Pavana River:
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5. D.G. Kanase et al: physico-chemical assessment of krishna river at karad, satara district
(maharashtra):IOSR, Volume 8, Issue 6,pp 25-32, June 2014
6. Ayodhya D. Khsirsagar: Diversity of Aquatic Fungi from Mula River at Pune City:IJALS,Volume 6,
Issue 3,May 2013
7. Chandanshive Navnath Eknath et al: Studies On Effect Of Detergents On Fresh Water Fishs Mystus
Montanus Selected From Mula River Pune:ISBN No. 978-81-909551-8-8,2013
8. A. B. More, C.S. Chavan et al: water quality status of mula mutha river:GJRA, Volume 3, Issue 4, 2014
Yang Li et al. 2009:water quality analysis of Songhua river using multivariate techniques
9. Allaa M. Aenab: Evaluation of Tigris River by Water Quality Index Analysis Using C++
Program:JWRP,Volume 4, No. 7, July2012
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(England) 1(3):199–205
11. Bordalo AA, Nilsumranchit W, Chalermwat K (2001) Water quality and uses of the Bangpakong River
(Eastern Thailand) 35(15):3635–3642