The document decomposes a ball point pen both physically and functionally into levels of assemblies and components. The physical decomposition breaks the pen down into a level 0 assembly and 7 subassemblies at level 1. The functional decomposition breaks down the pen's writing function into a level 0 assembly with 7 subassemblies at level 1. The document recommends this approach for determining parts lists, manufacturing processes, quality control plans, and continuous improvement initiatives. It provides contact information for the author as an expert who can help with new product development and manufacturing.