The document discusses phycology, the study of algae. It covers the classification of algae based on characteristics like pigmentation and thallus organization. Some key classifications discussed include Harvey's 1836 system of dividing algae into green, brown and red classes, and Fritsch's 1935 classification that organized algae into 11 classes. The document also summarizes the distribution of algae in aquatic environments, their thallus organization as unicellular or multicellular, and their methods of reproduction including vegetative, asexual through spores, and sexual.

1. M.Narayani
I Msc Microbiology
phycology

2. Phycology
The study of algae is called phycology or algology
The term algae includs chlorophyllous thallophytes

3. Distribution of Algae
Most are Aquatic
Live in photic zone
Either fresh or sea water
Photosynthetic pigment
Planktons:Free floating or free swimming algae
Benthic:Attached & living on the bottom of water
Epiphytes:Live on another plant or another algae
Lithophytes:Grow attached to rocks

4. Classification of Algae
Classification based on:
Pigmentation
Reserve food
Flagellar arrangment
Thallus organization
Reproduction

5. W.H.Harvey classification
Harvey 1836
Based on their colour divided into three:
Chlorospermae (green algae)
Melanospermae (brown algae)
Rhodospermae (red algae)

6. Fritsch’s classification
Fritsch 1935
Book:Structure & Reproduction of algae
Classified into 11 classes:
Chloro phyceae
Xanthophyceae
Chrysophyceae
Bacillariophyceae
Cryptophyceae
Dinophyceae
Chlromonodineae

7. Euglenophyceae
Phaeophyceae
Rodophyceae
Myxophyceae

8. G.M.Smith classification
DIVISION CLASSES
 Chlorophyta
 Euglenophyta
 Pyrrophyta
 Chrysophyta
o Chlorophyceae
o Charophyceae
o Euglenophyceae
o Cryptophyceae
o Desmokontae
o Dinophyceae
o Xanthophyceae
o Chrysophyceae
o Bacillariophyceae

9. Phaeophyta
Cyanophyta
Rhodophyta
o Isogeneratae
o Heterogenerate
o Cyclosporae
o Myxophyceae
o Rhodophyceae

10. Thallus organization
Plant body of algae
Not differentiated into stem,root&leaves
Divided into two types:
Unicellular Thallus
Multicellular Thallus
UNICELLULAR THALLUS
Absent in charophyta & phaeophyta
May be motile flagellate (chlamydomonas)

11.  Non-motile coccoid (chlorella)
 Amoeboid
 Filamentous thallus (spirogyra)
 Filamentous may be branched
 MULTICELLULAR THALLUS
 Four main type:
 Colonial forms
 Filamentous forms
 Siphonous form
 Parenchymatous form

12.  Colonial forms
 Cell divison adds huge masses
 Three types:
 Palmelloid: eg:Tetraspora,Microcystis
 Coenobium: eg:Voivox,Pandorina
 Dendroid: eg:Dinobryon
 Filamentous forms
 Multicelled thread like structure
 Three types:
 Simple branched filamentous: eg:Cladophora
 Un branched filamentous: eg:Spirogyra,Ulothrix
 Heterotrichous filamentous: eg:Ectocarpus

13. Siphonous forms
Coencytic multinucleate thallus
Lack septation
Septa develops only during formation of sexual part
Eg:Protosiphon,Vaucheria
Parenchymatous forms
Modification of filamentous form
Leaf-like or Foliose thallus
Loosely arranged cells
Eg: sargassum,Ulva,Entermopha

14. Reproduction in algae
The production of organisms
Three kinds of Reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction

15. Vegetative reproductin
Takes place by Fragmentation or
By the formation of adventitious branches
Asexual reproduction
Takes place by spores like:
Zoospores:
Nacked,flagellated & motile
Eg:Chlamydomonas

16. Aplanospores:
Thin walled
Non motile
Eg:Chlorella
Akineties:
Thick walled
Non motile
Eg:Pithophora

17. Sexual reproduction
Involves fusion of two gametes:
Homothallic
Heterothallic
Homothallic:
Fusing gametes belong to same thallus
Heterothallic:
Fusing gametes belong to different thalli

18. Reference
Book: Text book of algae
Auther:R.M.Johri sandhya sharma
Edition: First edition 2004