This document outlines different methods for liquid level sensing and measurement. It discusses point measurement systems that detect liquid levels at a single point, as well as continuous measurement systems that monitor liquid levels over a range. Point measurement systems include float sensors and conductivity probes, while continuous measurement uses ultrasonic sensors, radar sensors, and optical sensors. The document also discusses classifying level technologies as manual, electromechanical, electronic contacting, or electronic non-contacting. It provides examples of how radar and capacitance sensors can be used for level detection and concludes that electrical methods provide more accurate measurements than mechanical methods.

1. AN
ORAL PRESENTATION
ON
LIQUID LEVEL SENSING AND MEASUREMENT
(FUEL GAUGE)
PRESENTED
BY
OLUDIMU OLUWAFEMI SAMUEL
PHY/11/6961

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFYING LEVEL TECHNOLOGIES
• POINT MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
• CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
• SAMPLE DIAGRAMS
• THE FUEL GAUGE
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• Measurement is the estimation of the magnitude of some attribute of an object, such as its
length or weight, relative to a unit of measurement.
• level measurement is the determination of the linear vertical distance between a reference
point and the surface of either a liquid, the top of a solid, or the interface of two liquids.
• There are different sensors and different methods that help in detecting the position of a
surface of liquid.
• Sight glass is the oldest and the simplest level measurement technology used in industrial
environments.

4. CLASSIFYING LEVEL TECHNOLOGIES
• Manual / Mechanical
• The operator uses the device to get a visual indication of the amount of material in the vessel
• Electromechanical
• Unlike manual/mechanical devices, electromechanical devices provide an automated measurement that
can be read remotely.
• Electronic contacting
• Electronic non-contacting
• They provide sophisticated level measurement without ever touching the product

5. POINT MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
• Point level measurement sensors are used for the purpose of marking a single liquid
height or for pre-setting a level condition.
• These sensors work as a high alarm that measures the overflow conditions in tanks
through liquid level sensors, or works as a marker.
• The different types of sensors are given below:
• Float Sensor
• Capacitance Sensors
• Conductivity Probes

6. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
• Continuous level sensors provides liquid level monitoring of an entire system. This liquid
level sensors are used to measure the fluid level within a specified range, moderately than
at a one point.
• At the specified range the sensors produce an analogue output and directly correlates to
the level in the vessel.
• This measurement system consists of variety of sensors such as:
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Radar level sensor
• Optical Sensor

7. SAMPLE DIAGRAMS
Level Detection Using Radar Level SensorLevel Detection Using Capacitance Sensor

8. THE FUEL GAUGE

9. CONCLUSION
• The structure of the container where liquid level is to be measured determines
the type of method to be used.
• Before choosing there is need to consider the operating conditions such as
temperature, pressure, type of liquid etc.
• Electrical based methods are more accurate and precise than mechanical based
methods of liquid level measurement.

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