Exposure to energy audit equipment

1. Exposure to Energy Audit Equipment
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Exposure to Energy Audit Equipment
Dr.M.Vivekanandan M.E, PhD.,
Adjunct Faculty, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology,
CEO, TryCAE

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A theory is something nobody believes except the person
proposing the theory and an experiment is something
everybody believes except the person doing the
experiment”
--Albert Einstein

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Temperature measurements

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Thermocouple
• A Thermocouple is a sensor used to measure temperature.
• Thermocouples consist of two wire legs made from different metals.
• The wires legs are welded together at one end, creating a junction.
• This junction is where the temperature is measured.
• When the junction experiences a change in temperature, a voltage is
created. The voltage can then be interpreted using
thermocouple reference tables to calculate the temperature.

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Pressure

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18. Difference between fans, blowers and compressors
Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure rise (mmWg)
Fans Up to 1.11 1136
Blowers 1.11 to 1.20 1136 – 2066
Compressors more than 1.20 -
As per ASME the specific pressure, i.e, the ratio of the discharge pressure
over the suction pressure is used for defining the fans, blowers and
compressors as highlighted below :

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Show air audit report

43. Flow Meters
A flowmeter (or flow meter / flow indicator / flow gauge depending on
industry) is simply defined as a device used to measure the speed at
which a gas or liquid is moving through a pipe.

44. TYPES OF FLOW MEASUREMENT

45. TYPE OF FLOW METER

46. Differential Flow Meter

60. Laser Doppler Anemometer
• The Laser Doppler Anemometer, or LDA, is a widely accepted tool for
fluid dynamic investigations in gases and liquids and has been used as
such for more than three decades. It is a well-established technique
that gives information about flow velocity.
• Its non-intrusive principle and directional sensitivity make it very
suitable for applications with reversing flow, chemically reacting or
high-temperature media, and rotating machinery where physical
sensors are difficult or impossible to use. It requires tracer particles in
the flow.
• The method’s particular advantages are: non-intrusive measurement,
high spatial and temporal resolution, no need for calibration, and the
ability to measure in reversing flows.

62. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
• Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive laser optical
measurement technique for research and diagnostics into flow,
turbulence, microfluidics, spray atomization, and combustion
processes.

64. • Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a whole-flow-field technique
providing instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-
section of a flow. Two velocity components are measured, but use of
a stereoscopic approach permits all three velocity components to be
recorded, resulting in instantaneous 3D velocity vectors for the whole
area. The use of modern digital cameras and dedicated computing
hardware, results in real-time velocity maps.

66. PIV Features
• The technique is non-intrusive and measures the velocities of micron-
sized particles following the flow.
• Velocity range from zero to supersonic.
• Instantaneous velocity vector maps in a cross-section of the flow.
• All three components may be obtained with the use of a stereoscopic
arrangement.
• With sequences of velocity vector maps, statistics, spatial
correlations, and other relevant data are available.

67. Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT)

69. Voltage, ampere & Ohm

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