This document discusses four aspects of connected speech: rhythm, assimilation, elision, and linking. It defines each aspect and provides examples. Rhythm refers to the regular occurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables. Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of sounds due to surrounding sounds, including place of articulation, manner, and voice. Elision is the omission of sounds, especially vowels and consonants, in casual speech. Linking describes how words and sounds are connected together according to five basic rules.

1. ASPECTS OF CONNECTEDASPECTS OF CONNECTED
SPEECHSPEECH

2. RHYTHM1
ASSIMILATION2
ELISION3
LINKING4

3. 1. RHYTHM

4. 1. RHYTHM1. RHYTHM

5. Rhythm of heart-beat

6. THE RHYTHMTHE RHYTHM
1.1 Definition:
Rhythm is an event happening at regular internals of
time
1.2 The rhythm:
The rhythm of speech is the regular occurrence of stressed
syllable at regular internals of time
Example:
1. He ar’rived ‘six o’clock
2. ‘Walk ‘down to the ‘path to the
'end of the ca’nal.

7. Unit of rhythm
(Foot)
Stressed
syllable +
unstressed
syllable
English
Rhythm
Stress-time
rhythm

8. 2. ASSIMILATION2. ASSIMILATION
2.1 Definition:
Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a
phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.
Ex: 1. news /njuz/ but newspaper /nju/njusspeipə/peipə/
2.2. This year / ðij jiə/
3. Want to / w nə/ɔ

9. 2.2 Types of assimilation2.2 Types of assimilation
Assimilation
Direction of change
Consonant can
change

10. In term of direction of change
• Regressive assimilation:
The phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that
comes after it.
Example:
This year / ðij jiə /,
bright color /braik kalə/
light blue /laip blu/.
• Progressive assimilation:Progressive assimilation:
The phoneme that comes first affects the one that
comes after it.
Example:
those year / ðəʊʒ jiə

11. In the terms of consonant
change
CONSONANTCONSONANT
CHANGECHANGE
ASSIMILATION
PLACE OF
ARTICULATION
ASSIMILATION
MANNER
ASSIMILATION
OF VOICE

12. Assimilation of place ofAssimilation of place of
articulationarticulation

13. Assimilation of place ofAssimilation of place of
articulationarticulation

14. Assimilation of place ofAssimilation of place of
articulationarticulation

15. Assimilation of place ofAssimilation of place of
articulationarticulation

16. Assimilation of mannerAssimilation of manner
• Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant
NoteNote: /ð/ follow a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word
Eg: get them /get ðəm/ →→ /gettəm/
in the /in ðə/ →→ /inn/innə/

17. Assimilation of voiceAssimilation of voice
eg: I like that black dogeg: I like that black dog
/ ai laik ðæt blæk d g/ɔ
→ / ai laig ðæd blæg d g/ɔ
• Only regressive assimilation of voice

18. 3. Elision3. Elision
• Definition
Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in
casual, rapid speech.
• There can be vowel elision and consonant
elision.
Example: vowel: tonight /tnait/
consonant: eight tins /eitins/

19. Rules of elisionRules of elision

20. Rules of elisionRules of elision
c. Avoidance of complex
consonant cluster:
d. Loss of /v/ in “ofof” before
consonant
Example:

21. Weak form
Auxiliary
verbs
Strong Weak
do du: də
are :ɑ ə(r)*
was wɔz wəz
were w3:r wə
would Wud wəd
could Kud kəd
should ∫ud
kæn
∫əd
can kən
must m stʌ məs(t)
Strong Weak
Prepositio
ns
to tu: tə
for f :ɔ (r) fə(r)
from frɔm frəm
into Intu: Intə
of ov ə(v)
as æz əz
at æt ət

22. 4. Linking
Linking is the phenomenon where words or sounds are
linked together. There are 5 basic rules of linking.
Rules of linking:

23. Rules of linking

24. 4. Linking
* Note: Sometimes listeners have ambiguity
in meaning with other words.
Example:
/maitrein/: my train or might rain
/aiskri:m/: Ice –cream or I scream

26. Thank you…!!!