Consonants are speech sounds produced with an obstruction in the mouth. They are classified according to their place and manner of articulation. Place of articulation refers to the active speech organs used, such as lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, velum, while manner describes how the consonant is produced, such as stops, fricatives, affricates. Consonants are also classified as voiced or voiceless according to whether the vocal cords vibrate during production. Voiced consonants are called lenis and are shorter and weaker than voiceless or fortis consonants which require more air pressure.

1. GOOD MORNING
CLASS
Group: 1

2. My topic:
CONSONTANTS AND
THEIR CLASSIFICATION
& FORTIS - LENIS

3. Consonants
Consonant’s classification
Fortis - Lenis

5. A consonant is a sound in the production of
which an obstruction is formed in the mouth by
the active organs of speech.

6. stop
fricative
lateral

7. 2/ Consonant’s classification
The organs
of
articulation
State of
vocal cord
vibration
The
manner of
articulation

8. According to
the organs of articulation

9. 1/ Labials
/p/ /b/ /w/ /m/
/f/ /v/
2/ Dentals
/θ/ /ð/
3/ Alveolars
/t/ /d/ /n/ /l/ s/ /z/
/r/
6/ Velars
/k/ /g/ /ŋ/
7/ Glottals
/h/
4/ Palato-alveolars
/ʧ/ /ʤ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/
5/ Palatals
/j/

10. According to
the manner of articulation

11. 1/Plosives
/p/, /b/, /t/,
/d/, /k/, /g/
7/Semi-vowel
/w/, /j/
6/Fricatives:
/f/, /v/, /θ/,
/ð/,/s/, /z/,
/ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/
5/ Rolled:
/r/
4/ Laterals:
/l/
2/Affricatives
/ʧ/, /ʤ/ 3/ Nasals:
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/

12. State of vocal cord
vibration
Voiced consonants
• /b/ /m/ /w/ /v/ /d/ /n/ /l/ /z/ /r/ /g/ /j/ /ð/
/ʤ/ /ʒ/ /ŋ/
Voiceless consonants
• /p/ /f/ /t/ /s/ /k/ /h/ /θ/ /ʧ/ /ʃ/

14. FORTIS - LENIS

15. _ Voiceless consonants are called FORTIS
Ex: /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ʧ/
_Voiced consonants are called LENIS
Ex: /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /ð/ /ʒ/ /ʤ/

16. Compare FORTIS with LENIS
FORTIS LENIS
Voicing voiceless voiced
Length longer shorter
Strength stronger weaker
Aspiration may be aspirated not aspirated