This document provides an overview of arguments for and against the existence of God. It discusses the complexity of the universe and life as an argument for a creator or designer. It also considers scientific explanations for the origin and laws of the universe as arguments against the need for God. The document outlines beliefs about God in major religions and considers whether an all-powerful God could exist given the amount of suffering in the world. It presents counterarguments that God's existence cannot be proven and that religious beliefs may require suspending logical thought.

1. Presented By:
Karan kasta-11
Tushar kathiria-12
Megha maheshwari-13
Kaushar memon-14
Ashish mulchandani-15
Guided by Prof. Mayur Agrawat

2. Contents
History
What does god mean?
Arguments for existence of god.
Proof of existence of god.
Beliefs of different religions regarding god.
Conclusion.
GOD
GOD
GOD

3. History
The existence of God have been proposed by philosophers,
theologians, scientists, and others for thousands of years.
In philosophical terms, such arguments involve primarily the
disciplines of epistemology and ontology and also the theory
of value, since concepts of perfection are connected to notions
of God.
The existence of God is subject to lively
debate in philosophy, the philosophy of
religion, and popular culture.

4. What does god mean?
variety of attributes to the many different
conceptions of God.
God is often conceived as the Supreme Being and
principal object of faith.
In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the
universe.
In deism, God is the creator (but not the
sustainer) of the universe. In pantheism,
God is the universe itself.

5. ARGUMENTS
The complexity of our planet points to a deliberate
Designer who not only created our universe, but
sustains it today.
examples of gods design
The Earth...its size is perfect. Earth is the only known planet
equipped with an atmosphere of the right mixture of gases
to sustain plant, animal and human life.
The human brain...simultaneously processes an amazing
amount of information. Your brain holds and processes all
your emotions, thoughts and memories. At the same time
your brain keeps track of the ongoing functions of your body
like your breathing pattern, eyelid movement, hunger and
movement of the muscles in your hands.

6. • The universe had a start - what caused
it?
•
Scientists are convinced that our universe began with one enormous explosion of
energy and light, which we now call the Big Bang. This was the singular start to
everything that exists: the beginning of the universe, the start of space, and even
the initial start of time itself.
•
Astrophysicist Robert Jastrow, a self-described agnostic, stated, "The seed of
everything that has happened in the Universe was planted in that first instant;
every star, every planet and every living creature in the Universe came into being
as a result of events that were set in motion in the moment of the cosmic
explosion..
•
Steven Weinberg, a Nobel laureate in Physics, said at the moment of this
explosion, "the universe was about a hundred thousands million degrees
Centigrade...and the universe was filled with light.”
•
The universe has not always existed. It had a start...what caused that? Scientists
have no explanation for the sudden explosion of light and matter.

8. The universe operates by uniform laws of nature.
Why does it?
Much of life may seem uncertain, but look at what we can count on day after day: gravity
remains consistent, a hot cup of coffee left on a counter will get cold, the earth rotates in
the same 24 hours, and the speed of light doesn't change -- on earth or in galaxies far
from us.
How is it that we can identify laws of nature that never change? Why is the universe so
orderly, so reliable?
"The greatest scientists have been struck by how strange this is. There is no logical
necessity for a universe that obeys rules, let alone one that abides by the rules of
mathematics. This astonishment springs from the recognition that the universe doesn't
have to behave this way. It is easy to imagine a universe in which conditions change
unpredictably from instant to instant, or even a universe in which things pop in and out
of existence.”
Richard Feynman, a Nobel Prize winner for quantum electrodynamics, said, "Why nature
is mathematical is a mystery...The fact that there are rules at all is a kind of miracle."

9. Beliefs Of Different Religions
Regarding God
Hinduism and its beliefs
Most Hindus worship one Being of ultimate oneness (Brahman) through infinite
representations of gods and goddesses. These various manifestations of gods and
goddesses become incarnate within idols, temples, gurus, rivers, animals, etc.
Hindus see their position in this present life as based on their actions in a previous life. If
their behavior before was evil, they might experience tremendous hardships in this life. A
Hindu's goal is to become free from the law of karma...to be free from continuous
reincarnations.
There are three possible ways to end this cycle of karma:
1. Be lovingly devoted to any of the Hindu gods or goddesses;
2. Grow in knowledge through meditation of Brahman (oneness)
to realize that circumstances in
life are not real, that selfhood is an illusion and only Brahman is real;
3. Be dedicated to various religious ceremonies and rites.

10. Buddhism and its beliefs
Buddhists do not worship any gods or God. People outside of Buddhism often think that
Buddhists worship the Buddha. However, the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) never
claimed to be divine, but rather he is viewed by Buddhists as having attained what they
are also striving to attain, which is spiritual enlightenment and, with it, freedom from the
continuous cycle of life and death. Most Buddhists believe a person has countless
rebirths, which inevitably include suffering. A Buddhist seeks to end these rebirths.
Buddhists believe it is a person's cravings, aversion and delusion that cause these
rebirths. Therefore, the goal of a Buddhist is to purify one's heart and to let go of all
yearnings toward sensual desires and the attachment to oneself.

11. Islam and its beliefs
Muslims believe there is the one almighty God, named Allah, who is infinitely superior
to and transcendent from humankind. Allah is viewed as the creator of the universe and
the source of all good and all evil. Everything that happens is Allah's will. He is a
powerful and strict judge, who will be merciful toward followers depending on the
sufficiency of their life's good works and religious devotion. A follower's relationship with
Allah is as a servant to Allah.
Though a Muslim honors several prophets, Muhammad is considered the last prophet
and his words and lifestyle are that person's authority. To be a Muslim, one has to follow
five religious duties:
1. Repeat a creed about Allah and Muhammad;
2. Recite certain prayers in Arabic five times a day;
3. Give to the needy;
4. One month each year, fast from food, drink, sex and smoking from sunrise to sunset;
5. Pilgrimage once in one's lifetime to worship at a shrine in Mecca. At death -- based
on one's faithfulness to these duties -- a Muslim hopes to enter Paradise. If not, they
will be eternally punished in hell.

12. Christianity and its beliefs
Christians believe in a loving God who has revealed himself and can be personally
known in this life. With Jesus Christ, the person's focus is not on religious rituals or
performing good works, but on enjoying a relationship with God and growing to know him
better.
Faith in Jesus Christ himself, not just in his teachings, is how the Christian experiences
joy and a meaningful life. In his life on Earth, Jesus did not identify himself as a prophet
pointing to God or as a teacher of enlightenment. Rather, Jesus claimed to be God in
human form. He performed miracles, forgave people of their sin and said that anyone
who believed in him would have eternal life. He made statements like, "I am the light of
the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life."1

14. Theism
•
•
God does not exists
If there is a God, “He” is serving an eternal prison sentence here with all of
us, as not even He can escape this unbounded prison which has NO walls
to break out of and NO cracks to slip through. So He'd better work hard
and earn his keep, just like all the other inmates. Formless & borderless
space humbles the most arrogant of gods, even the God of the Bible.
Nevertheless, God couldn’t have built this largest of prisons and
simultaneously be unable to escape it – it’s impossible! We have “free
will” because God does not, as even ‘He’ cannot escape this prison ‘He’ is
credited for building. So if God exists, He is just another insignificant being
that satisfies the human involuntary compulsion to worship....He may very
well be Queen Elizabeth, Stephen Hawking, or some Hollywood Celebrity.
Mindless beings are obsessed with worshipping conceptually-important
(authoritative, celebrity, idol) characters.
• It is IMPOSSIBLE for any God to exist…..sorry…..

15. •
“As those who would defend the argument from evil point out, there is a huge amount of evil in the world
—psychological and physical suffering, malnutrition, starvation, pandemics, cruelty, torture, poverty,
racism, lynching, sexism, child abuse, assault, war, sudden deaths from natural disasters—the list is
appalling. . . . Instead of using miracles to feed a small number, to transform water into wine, or to
convert a few people, God could very well be performing miracles that have a much larger effect,
especially on the lives of the millions of children whose suffering is particularly incomprehensible to
anyone with a sense of justice. The question is why a good God would be concerned with details like the
need for wine at a wedding, and yet apparently not be concerned with huge tragedies like the holocaust of
six million Jews.”
James Keller argues against God’s performing miracles: “The claim that God has worked a miracle implies
that God has singled out certain persons for some benefit which many others do not receive implies that
God is unfair.” He continues, “there may be two cases which are similar in all ways that seem relevant, yet
in one case there will be a recovery (which some deem a miracle) and in the other case no recovery.”
•
A supernatural being who performs a miracle while idly standing by in the presence of so much suffering
in the course of history would be guilty of gross negligence, failing to meet obligations of moral
stewardship, and failing to fulfill a duty to rescue. It would be reasonable to conclude that such a being is
evil.

16. • 1
• Creationism is often the root of the opposing
party's faith structure. With the wealth of
reasonable evidence at your disposal concerning its
infeasibility, you might include arguments
concerning evolution, radiocarbon dating--as
ridiculous as it may sound, many believe that the
earth is 5,000-6,000 years old--and asking for an
admission where creationism is given some
theoretical weight, besides the Bible or other
religious texts.

17. • 3
• Point out that some religious beliefs may require
you to "dumb down" your mind in order to have
faith. The mortal enemy of faith is knowledge, a
scientific fact that has been demonstrated by
researchers at the University of British Columbia.
[1] The basis of any religion is that you must believe
something someone else tells you is true, even
though your mind tells you it is a lie and it makes no
sense. There is name for that: fideism.
Without fideism, the concept of religion would not
exist.