it can help the subject about Philippine History

1. LESSON 2
REFORM
AND
REVOLUTION
TO AMERICAN PERIOD

2. OBJECTIVES
:
1.Trace the political social and economic issues that help
shape the Filipino nation at the different stages of its
historical development.
2.Appreciate the achievements of the Filipino leaders who
have played major role in building our nationhood: and
3.Realize that the problems of today are consequences of
decisions and events that happened in the past.

3. FILIPINO STRUGGLE DURING
SPANISH PERIOD:
Before our own American revolution, the Filipinos
revolted against their Spanish masters a half dozen
times, with countless smaller uprising in between.
Because Filipinos where unable to obtain peace change
during the nineteenth century.
The katipunan, a secret organization of ordinary
people, was established in 1982.

4. In Philippine history there have been many heroes but
none has stood out as much as Rizal.
He was the personification of the people pride and
longing for liberty, He was one of the few Filipinos who
where able to obtain a decent education and study
abroad, and he returned to his home land eager to
change the situation of his people and the government
that Spain had force on them. His works such social
Cancer and filibusterism, were not only notable for their
social and political significance at the time of their
publication.
Jose Rizal and his colleagues ilustrados founded the
Propaganda Movement in Europe in the 1880’s, when
they fiercly fought fot the Philippines’ much needed
reforms.
Dr. Jose Rizal

5. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
The propaganda movement, which lasted roughly in
1880 to 1886 with the highest activity between 1880
and 1895, was a period when a local Filipinos called
for changes.
Jose Rizal author of Noli Me tangere and El
filibusterismo, Graciano Lopes Jaena, Publisher of
La Solidaridad, the movements main organ Mariano
Ponce the secretary and Marcelo H. Delpilar were
among the prominent members.

6. THE KATIPUNAN; THE SECRET
ORGANIZATION THAT
INITIATED THE REVOLUTION
La Liga Filipina disbanded after Rizal’s
imprisonments and exile to Dapitan. This was
eventually replaced with demand for radical
changes, which Bonifacio proposed and supported.
When bonifacio and his associates learned of Rizal
imprisonment, they formed The anti colonial secret
organization eventually draw members forms
country’s lower and middle classes enlisting them
in an armed rebellion against Spain.

7. Andres Bonifacio, who become known as the Supremo
of Katipunan with the help of Emilio Jacinto, who
became known as the “Brains of Katipunan.” The
Philippine Revolution was organized and started by
the Katipunan on July 7, 1889, it was formed in Tondo,
Manila, by Andres Bonifacio and a few other urban
laborers. The Kataastasan Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan nang mga Anak ng bayan (Hihgest and
Most Venerated Association of the Sons and Daugther
of the Land.
Andres Bonifacio

8. Katipunan has been created by blood from its
beginning, with everyone of its members
performing the customary blood contract and
writing their names with their own blood. The
katipunan’s main objective was political,
namely the secession of the Philippines from
Spain.

9. A SERIES OF BLOODY REVOLT
Following the katipunan’s discovery Spanish authorities made
many arrests in order to identify its members. Bonifafio and his
comrades were plotting a national uprising. This resulted in the
Cry of Pugad Lawin , in which revolutionaries tore cedulas
community tax certificates in bulk ripped symbolize their battle
against Spain.
Cavite’s insurgents eventually tasted triumph after a series of
failed revoltes. The Phillipine Revolution was in full swing under
Emilio Aguinaldo mayor of Cavite El Viejo and Mariano Alvarez
Bonifacio’s uncle. Rizal’s name was pulled down by the revolt.
He was suspected of being a member of a covert militant
group. Rizal was sentenced to death by firing squad after being
charged with sedition, conspiracy ,and insurrection.

10. Internal Struggles, Conflicts, and a
surprising Turn of Events
Katipuneros soon began fighting amongst
themselves ,alongside the Spanish authorities.
Rivalries arose between commanders and areas ,
causing major schisms within the organization. The
Katipunan was split into two councils, the
Magdiwang and Magdalo, which were supporters of
Bonifacio.

11. The Tejeros Assembly of
1897
The Tejeros Convention was formed to
resolve the leadership conflict. The
purpose of this gathering of officials was
to bring the two groups together and
elect officers for the revolutionary
administration. Bonifacio was defeated
by Aguinaldo in a sham election, and the
leadership was handed over to him. The
position of Director of the interior was
granted to Bonifacio, although his
qualifications were questioned. He
departed the congress as a result of the
increased scrutiny, and Aguinaldo was
sworn in as president the next day.

12. Soon after, Bonifacio headed of laic Cavite,
to form a parallel government against
Aguinaldo’s launched a coup d'état against
Aguinaldo’s administration after being
recognized as the revolutions leader. When
Aguinaldo learned of this’ he ordered
Bonifacio’s Arrest.
Aguinaldo and his associate quickly created the republic of biak na
bato and prepared the country’s first constitution. They devised plan
to put a stop to the revolt,
Which was warmly received by the Spanish governor General. The
agenda of the deal
Included the surrender of arms to revolutionaries, amnesty, exile for
leaders, and payment of $400,000 USD to the revolutionaries.

13. THE ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICANS
AND THE DECLERATION OF THE
INDEPENDENCE
The second phase of the Philippines revolution began in april 1898. after a
US navy vessel exploded and sank in Havana port, the americans began the
Spanish war agains spain.
Commodore George Dewey led the US Navy’s Asiatic squadron to manila
and beat the Spanish navy. All Spanish ships where destroyed in a matter of
hours, and the US took possession of the Philippine capital.
Meanwhile, Aguinaldo developed a friendship with the americans. He met
with US consul. Who recommended that he works with the Americans. As
a result, Bonifacio returned to the Philippines after his exile in honking
and resumed his attacks on the Spanish rulers.
The Philippine Republic was founded on June 12, 1898, when Aguinaldo
announced the country’s independence. The Philippine flag was flown
from the balcony of his home in kawit cavite, The Filipino people first
heard the first national anthem, “Lupang Hinirang”.

14. THE PHILIPPINES IN, 1898-1946
 The Philippines become commonwealth and become semi-
Independent in 1935. Manuel Quezon was elected president of the
Philippines. In 1945, the united states pledged that the Philippines
would be totally independent.
In December 1941, how ever, japan launched an attack on US navy
at Pearl Harbor. Philippines were Invaded by Japanese soldiers on
Dec, 10 1941.they took manila. All of the Philippines had been
under Japanese control by may 6, 1942. In October 1944 how
ever, American forces returned to the Philippines. In February
1945, they regained manila.

15. MacArthur and Quezon departed the nation, and the
Commonwealth administration went into exile in Washington, D.C.,
at president Roosevelt’s request. On May 6, 1942, American and
Filipino soldiers surrendered. The Philippine and American armies
soon began a guerilla fight against the Japanese, while Filipinos
were subjected to Japanese military brutality against civilians..
While General Douglas MacArthur’s army
retreated to Bataan,President Quezon’s
Commonwealth administration relocated
to Corregidor Island. To avert additional
devastation,Manila was proclaimed an
city.After the fall of Bataan and Corregidor
on April 9,1942, In March 1942.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION

16. Arigato gozaimasu!!!