The Propaganda Movement from 1872 to 1892 advocated for equal rights and civil liberties for Filipinos under Spanish rule, including representation in the Spanish parliament and an end to forced labor. Led by Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo del Pilar, and Jose Rizal, they spread their message through the newspaper La Solidaridad and Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. However, the Propaganda Movement ultimately failed to achieve its aims of assimilation and equality between Spaniards and Filipinos in the Philippines.