The document summarizes the history of Philippine independence from Spanish colonial rule and later from the United States. It discusses the Philippine revolution against Spain in 1896 led by Jose Rizal, the declaration of independence from Spain in 1898 under Emilio Aguinaldo, and the subsequent Philippine-American War when the U.S. refused to recognize Philippine independence. It then covers the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935 and the granting of full independence on July 4, 1946, though some felt June 12, the original declaration date, was more significant.
Chapter 17: The First Philippine Republic and the Filipino-American WarJamaica Olazo
CHAPTER 17: THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
AND THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
– was the first independent republic in in Asia by Asians.
- It was born during a war for independence.
- Lived only for two years because the Filipinos lost the war against the United States. (From January 23,1899 to March 23, 1901).
- Ended on the day when Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans.
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
85 Filipinos – met in a revolutionary congress at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan starting September 15, 1898. They were the most intelligent men in the country.
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno – the president of the Malolos Congress.
Malolos Congress – approved the independence of the Philippines. It also started the making of a new constitution for the Philippines.
Constitution – the basic law of the government.
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
January 23,1899 – the first Philippine Republic was inaugurated at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan. It was a solemn and happy time.
Women – wore long, beautiful ternos.
Men – dressed in top hats, white gloves, and black coat tails.
Emilio Aguinaldo – was sworn in as president of the First Republic at the church altar. “Great is the day, glorious this date, and forever memorable this moment in which our beloved people are raised to the joy of independence.”
El Heraldo de la Revolution – the official newspaper of the government.
La Independencia – an independent newspaper ran by General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.
Felipe Agoncillo – the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris and Washington to work for recognition of Philippine Independence.
Other diplomats in Japan, France, England and Australia.
THE AMERICANS STARTED THE WAR
Americans wanted the Philippines to become a colony of the United States.
Strategy: Americans pretended that the Filipinos had brutally attacked them.
February 4, 1899 – at 8pm, an American sharpshooter, Private Robert W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers, shot and killed a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan Bridge.
February 6, 1899 – the American Senate passed the Treaty of Paris, making the Philippines a colony of the United States. It was approved by only one vote majority.
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
- Filipinos fought a war of independence again. This time, against the Americans, their former allies. It was the second fight for independence by the Filipinos.
February 5, 1899 – the American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila.
March 31, 1899 – the Americans captured Malolos, which was then the Capital of the First Philippine Republic.
November 27, 1898 – Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the “Republic of Negros”.
December 19, 1899 – the famous hero of the American Civil War, General Henry C. Lawton was killed by the Filipino troops during the Battle in San Mateo, Rizal.
Chapter 17: The First Philippine Republic and the Filipino-American WarJamaica Olazo
CHAPTER 17: THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
AND THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
– was the first independent republic in in Asia by Asians.
- It was born during a war for independence.
- Lived only for two years because the Filipinos lost the war against the United States. (From January 23,1899 to March 23, 1901).
- Ended on the day when Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans.
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
85 Filipinos – met in a revolutionary congress at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan starting September 15, 1898. They were the most intelligent men in the country.
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno – the president of the Malolos Congress.
Malolos Congress – approved the independence of the Philippines. It also started the making of a new constitution for the Philippines.
Constitution – the basic law of the government.
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
January 23,1899 – the first Philippine Republic was inaugurated at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan. It was a solemn and happy time.
Women – wore long, beautiful ternos.
Men – dressed in top hats, white gloves, and black coat tails.
Emilio Aguinaldo – was sworn in as president of the First Republic at the church altar. “Great is the day, glorious this date, and forever memorable this moment in which our beloved people are raised to the joy of independence.”
El Heraldo de la Revolution – the official newspaper of the government.
La Independencia – an independent newspaper ran by General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.
Felipe Agoncillo – the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris and Washington to work for recognition of Philippine Independence.
Other diplomats in Japan, France, England and Australia.
THE AMERICANS STARTED THE WAR
Americans wanted the Philippines to become a colony of the United States.
Strategy: Americans pretended that the Filipinos had brutally attacked them.
February 4, 1899 – at 8pm, an American sharpshooter, Private Robert W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers, shot and killed a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan Bridge.
February 6, 1899 – the American Senate passed the Treaty of Paris, making the Philippines a colony of the United States. It was approved by only one vote majority.
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
- Filipinos fought a war of independence again. This time, against the Americans, their former allies. It was the second fight for independence by the Filipinos.
February 5, 1899 – the American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila.
March 31, 1899 – the Americans captured Malolos, which was then the Capital of the First Philippine Republic.
November 27, 1898 – Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the “Republic of Negros”.
December 19, 1899 – the famous hero of the American Civil War, General Henry C. Lawton was killed by the Filipino troops during the Battle in San Mateo, Rizal.
This slide presentation summarizes the events that happened during the Japanese occupation in the Philippines.
*I do not own any of the photos contained in the presentation*
For more rare and unseen photos that covers this topic kindly visit : http://corregidor.org/archive/battle_of_manila/bom_01.htm
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
The Act of Proclamation of the Independence of the Filipino peopleniesha12
This slide is all about the Philippine revolution, Spanish - American War and Philippine American war. 3 significant people Emilio Aguinaldo who fought for the Spanish-American war, Andres Bonifacio who is the supremo of pamahalaang paghihimagsik and Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista who wrote the declaration paper " The act of proclamation of the indpendence of the Filipino people. These ppt discussed about the roots of the revoulutions, rebelions against spaniards and the new colonizer the American. Fighting independence throughtout 3 centuries is a big thing for our heroes. The Philippine Independence June 12, 1898.
This slide presentation summarizes the events that happened during the Japanese occupation in the Philippines.
*I do not own any of the photos contained in the presentation*
For more rare and unseen photos that covers this topic kindly visit : http://corregidor.org/archive/battle_of_manila/bom_01.htm
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
The Act of Proclamation of the Independence of the Filipino peopleniesha12
This slide is all about the Philippine revolution, Spanish - American War and Philippine American war. 3 significant people Emilio Aguinaldo who fought for the Spanish-American war, Andres Bonifacio who is the supremo of pamahalaang paghihimagsik and Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista who wrote the declaration paper " The act of proclamation of the indpendence of the Filipino people. These ppt discussed about the roots of the revoulutions, rebelions against spaniards and the new colonizer the American. Fighting independence throughtout 3 centuries is a big thing for our heroes. The Philippine Independence June 12, 1898.
1. Philippine Independence from the Americans<br /> <br />Freedom is among the rights that Filipinos did not enjoy during the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/spanish-colonial-masters.htmquot;
Spanish rule. It was a struggle for the Philippine revolutionary leaders to achieve independence from foreign power. The Filipinos fought countless battles, resulting to bloody revolutions since the 19th century under the HYPERLINK quot;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Governmentquot;
Spanish government. The Filipino forces were persistent to achieve independence for the country. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution started, which incriminated HYPERLINK quot;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizalquot;
Jose Rizal resulting to his execution on allegations of treason and rouse the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/katipunan.htmquot;
Katipunan in Cavite to organize in two groups creating conflict. At the break of the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/spanish-american-war.htmquot;
Spanish-American war, the Filipino leaders saw the war between Spain and America as an opportunity to free the Philippines from the claws of the Spanish colony; hence, supported the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.usa.govquot;
United States with military forces including indispensable intelligence. right0America summoned Aguinaldo to return to the Philippines from exile and with confidence towards the pleasant US relations, Aguinaldo anticipated independence from Spain with the help of America. Returning to the Philippines and leading the Filipino troops to hold the fort of Luzon with success except for Intramuros, Aguinaldo declared the Philippine Independence from the Spanish colonial government on June 12, 1898 under the First Philippine Republic. The HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/philippine_flag.htmquot;
Philippine National flag was held up, and swayed proudly before the joyous cries of the Filipinos by 4:20 in the afternoon at General Aguinaldo’s balcony of his mansion in Kawit, Cavite. Albeit, the fact that Spain lost the battle to the Filipino troops, Admiral George Dewey schemed to convince the Spaniards to surrender to America. It was an act of betrayal by America that no sooner short-lived the celebration of Philippine independence when America annexed the Spanish colonies to include the Philippines. The Filipino forces were determined to continue their efforts against imperialist power leading to a bloody fight against the American Army in February 1899 when America refused to grant Philippines the long-sought Independence.left0The HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/filipino-american-hostilities.htmquot;
Philippine-American War erupted in February 4, 1899 in the struggle of the Filipinos for freedom conflicting with the interests of America to become a world power by establishing overseas empire to include the Philippines under the US imperial rule. The Filipino forces applied the guerrilla tactics in the wars they engaged, fighting against the US army as they become fully aware, under the leadership of HYPERLINK quot;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldoquot;
General Emilio Aguinaldo, of the strength of the US military heavily equipped with superior firearms. right0Although, General Aguinaldo was captured in 1901, the insurgencies, particularly by the Muslim Moros in the Southern part of the Philippines continued. Nonetheless, America was preparing Philippines for independence that started with the creation of civil government. The US HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson/quot;
President Woodrow Wilson promised Philippine Independence and started to entrust authority over Filipino leaders with the establishment of the Philippine Senate by a democratic election. The HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/philippine-commonwealth.htmquot;
Philippine Commonwealth, with elected HYPERLINK quot;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezonquot;
President Manuel L. Quezon, was instituted in 1935 under the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/tydings-mcduffie-law.htmquot;
Tydings-McDuffie Act that granted Philippines its self-government, although the legislative power was not absolute, which still required approval from the US President. At that time, it was a good start towards the eventual Philippine Independence.left0When the events were gearing towards Philippine independence as promised by the United States of America, the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/japanese-occupation.htmquot;
Japanese invasion and occupation bolstered in a surprise. Bataan was surrendered to the Japanese but President Quezon along with Osmeña fled to America. HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/quot;
World War II broke out that created immense damage to Filipinos with roughly about one million casualties. After the war, HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_roxas.aspquot;
Manuel Roxas was elected President in April 1946 for the independent Second Republic of the Philippines. In a formal declaration, the American flag was lowered in Luneta, Manila and raised the Filipino National flag in tri-color of red, white, and blue looked up by proud Filipinos. Finally, independence was granted to the Republic of the Philippines dated July 4, 1946. The National anthem of the Philippines was played next to America’s. It was indeed a moment of liberating glory, for all Filipinos after pools of blood were shed in many revolutions.right0July 4, however, holds less inspiration for the Filipinos according to the elected President of the Republic of the Philippines in 1961, HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.macapagal.com/dm2/quot;
Diosdado Macapagal. Macapagal believes that the June 12, 1896 declaration of the HYPERLINK quot;
http://www.philippine-history.org/malolos-congress.htmquot;
Philippine independence by General Emilio Aguinaldo brings to memory the heroes of the revolution and therefore, Philippine independence is best commemorated in honor of the Filipino revolutionary heroes. Hence, President Macapagal changed the date of celebration of the Philippine independence from July 4 to June 12, which the Filipinos celebrate each year up to this time.<br />