Crop ideotypes are biological models that are expected to perform well in specific environments or farming systems. The document discusses several ideotypes for different crops including rice, maize, wheat, and pulses. The ideotypes are defined based on traits that improve yield potential, abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and suitability for different growing conditions and market demands. New plant ideotypes for rice were developed that have traits such as increased panicles and grains per plant, strong stems, and resistance to multiple stresses.
Centres of diversity – types of biodiversity – Centres of origin – Law of homologous series – centers of origin – types of centres of diversity – gene sanctuaries – genetic erosion – main reasons of genetic erosion – extinction – introgression – gene banks – types of gene banks
Centres of diversity – types of biodiversity – Centres of origin – Law of homologous series – centers of origin – types of centres of diversity – gene sanctuaries – genetic erosion – main reasons of genetic erosion – extinction – introgression – gene banks – types of gene banks
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Plant breeding, its objective and historical development- pre and post mendel...Avinash Kumar
ppt for 1st chapter of plant breeding. it includes defination & objectives of plant breeding, role & challanges of plant breeeders and historical development
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Plant breeding, its objective and historical development- pre and post mendel...Avinash Kumar
ppt for 1st chapter of plant breeding. it includes defination & objectives of plant breeding, role & challanges of plant breeeders and historical development
Presented by Michael Dingkuhn at the CCAFS Workshop on Developing Climate-Smart Crops for a 2030 World, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6-8 December 2011.
U.S. Organic Wheat Market. Analysis and Forecast To 2025IndexBox Marketing
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the U.S. organic wheat market. It presents the latest data of the market size and volume, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and turnover in the industry. The forecast reveals market prospects to 2025.
From 6 to 8 December, CCAFS theme 1 organized a workshop staged on the Addis Ababa campus of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). The workshop titled 'Developing climate-smart crops for 2030 world' involved over 40 participants from 16 countries, broadly divided along either side of the breeding / modeling continuum.
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 2: Intensification and diversification
Mini symposium: determinants of agricultural productivity in Africa’s rice-based systems
Author: Dingkuhn et al.
Lecture 2 from Pat Heslop-Harrison for BS1003 - Cell and Developmental Biology. The transition to flowering. How do plants decide to flower? How do they respond to daylength (photoperiod) and temperature? For information from light, phytochrome is the photoreceptor, but not the clock/time measuring process. Pfr (phytochrome far red) is always the active form of phytochrome, but the function is different in long day plants and short day plants. Pfr promotes flowering in LDPs but inhibits flowering in SDPs.
“Advances in breeding of aonla ”
“Advances in breeding of aonla , breeding method of aonla ppt, new breeding method of aonla by gangaram rana, “Advances in breeding of aonla igkv , mutation breeding of aonla
Seed is the most important asset in the agriculture. seeds have to be stored for the next season. so it is important to study the seed storage physiology and gnetics
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION FOR INCREASING FRUIT TREE PRODUCTIVITYParshant Bakshi
Plant propagation is the art & science of multiplying plants by sexual or asexual means and preserving their unique qualities Or the method of production of more than one plant from the mother plant or the tissue over a specific time period.
Methods
a. Sexual methods : Propagation by seeds
b. Asexual methods /Vegetative
Cuttings
Layering
Grafting
Budding
Tissue culture; micropropagation
Effect of Seed Storage Period in Ambient Condition on Seed Quality of Common ...Premier Publishers
Common bean is used as one of the cheapest source of protein apart from being the major source of cash income in Ethiopia. Its reasonable protein content (22%) made it the poor man's meat securing more than 16.7 million rural people against hidden hunger. Despite the common bean significance contribution to Ethiopian people food and nutrition security and income generation, its production and productivity is low. Among many factors that contribute to the low yield of common bean, low access of seeds of improved varieties and the use of seeds stored for a longer period of time. The length of seeds stored under ambient conditions is a critical aspect of seed quality management. The longer seeds stored under ambient conditions, are the risks of losing the stored beans to storage pests and other seed quality deterioration factors. Therefore, generating information from research is required on effect of seeds stored under ambient conditions on different varieties of common bean. The analysis of variance showed that storage period and variety had significant influence on all seed quality parameters considered except no significant effect on number of hard seeds. No significant differences among varieties were observed on abnormal seedlings, number of hard, fresh ingeminated and dead seeds. However, storage period and variety interacted to influence significantly thousand seed weight, seedling shoot length, nd vigor index I and seedling fresh weight. Due to seeds stored for a long period of time in ambient conditions would make the seed deteriorate and loss its quality during storage. This indicates that, seed deterioration is the result of changes within the seed that decrease the ability to survive.
2. PHENOLOGY IS THE OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT OF EVENTS
IN TIME
Introduced in 1853 by the Belgian botanist Charles Morren and is derived from the
Greek words phaino, meaning “to appear, to come into view” and logos, meaning
“to study.”
Phenology is the science that measures the timing of life cycle events for plants,
animals, and microbes, and detects how the environment influences the timing of
those events. In the case of flowering plants, these life cycle events, or
phenophases, include leaf budburst, first flower, last flower, first ripe fruit, and leaf
shedding, among others.
For example, a phenologist can record the dates that a plant opens its first and last
flowers (from which the duration of flowering can be calculated), as well as the
number of flowers that are open each day or week during the flowering period.
18. Ideotype
• Donald (1968): Ideotype is a biological model which is expected to
perform or behave in a particular manner within defined
environment.
• Donald & Hamblin (1976): gave concept of Isolation ideotype,
competition ideotype and crop ideotype.
• Other ideotypes: Market ideotype, climate ideotype, stress ideotype,
pest ideotype, disease ideotype.
19. • Isolation ideotype: perform better when grown in isolation. Eg wide
spacing.
• Competition ideotype: perform well in genetically heterogenous
population.
• Market ideotype: depends on market demand (quality). Eg. Seed
colour, size, paletibility..
• Climate ideotype: related to abiotic and edaphic factors.
• Stress ideotype: biotic+ abiotic stress
20. New plant ideotype
• Consider the effect of changing climate and nature of biotic and abiotic stress.
• NPI (Japonica Rice): Peng et al. (1993), IRRI developed Ist generation NPI
low tillering with 3-4 panicle/plant under direct seeding
No unproductive tillers
Sturdy stem, thick and erect leaves
200-250 grains/panicle
Plant height: 90-100 cm, vigorous root system
Multiple IP&D resistance
Duration: 120-130 days; HI= 0.6 or 60 %
Yield potential: 13-15 t/ha
Grain yield was not high as expected due to poor biomass production & poor grain
filling which led to II generation NPI
22. Super Rice model(Yuan, 2001)
• Plant height 100 cm; culm length 70 cm
• Moderate tillering with 270-300 panicle m-2 & panicle wt. : 5 g
• Flag leaf length: 50 cm & located 20 cm higher from top panicle
• Leaf width 2 cm; narrow & V shaped leaf
• LAI: 6;
• HI: 60%
• Leaf area: grain wt. :: 100 : 2.2-2.3
23. Lowland rice Upland rice Rain fed rice
6-10 panicles/hill 5-8 panicles/hils 5-7 panicles/hill
150-200 grains/panicle 150-200 grains/panicle 150-200 grains/panicle
130 cm plant height 130 cm plant height More
120-150 days duration 100 days duration --
Strong grain dormancy
Erect-moderate droopy
leaf
Upper leaf erect & lower
droopy
Long erect leaf
Yield: 5-7 t/ha Yield: 3-4 t/ha Yield: 4-5t/ha
24. Maize (Mock and Pearce)
• Stiff vertically oriented leaf above the ear and horizontal below the
ear
• Maximum p/s efficiency and efficient conversion of photosynthate to
grain
• Short interval b/w pollen shed (anthesis) to silking
• Small tassel size & more cob/ plant
• Photoinsenstive
• Cold tolerance
• Long grain filling period and slow leaf senescencee
25. Wheat
• Short and strong stem
• Erect leaves and few small leaves
• Presence of awn; large ear
• Photo period insensitive
• Double rust resistance
• Early flowering and longer grain filling
• Larger flag leaf
• More tiller/area
• High HI and yield
26. Brassica sp. Bhargwa et al.; 1984
• Plant ht. 1-1.25 m
• 5-6 primary branches at 40-45 ° angle
• Deep root system
• 20 seeds/siliqua
• Low dark respiration rate
• High nitrate reductase activity
• Main stem should bear maximum siliquae (40)
• Lower three branches should have less siliquae (15)
27. Pulses
• Determinant growth
• Yield attributing characters should be high
• Less anti-nutritional factors viz. Aflatoxin in GN
• Synchronous growth
• Resistant to biotic and abiotic stress
• High yield