The document discusses horticulture propagation techniques, including: 1) It describes the basic parts of seeds - embryo, food supply, and seed coat. 2) It explains the germination process that seeds undergo when conditions are right, from absorbing water to leaves emerging. 3) It discusses different seed types like monocot and dicot seeds, and their specific germination processes. 4) It provides tips for growing seedlings, like using sterile growing mix and transplanting after the first set of leaves.

1. Horticulture Propagation

2. Hydrangea Bigleaf Plant type: Shrub USDA Hardiness Zones: 5b to 9a Height: 48" to 72“, Spread: 72" to 96" Exposure: shade to partial sun Bloom Color: Blue, Lavender, Pink, Purple, Red, White Bloom Time: , Mid spring - Late summer, Uses: Specimen Flower color depends on the pH of the soil it is grown in.

3. Scarification Cutting the seed coat using acid, sand paper, or a knife to encourage germination Redbud tree seeds require scarification

4. Stratification Requirement of some seeds to go through a cold period before they will sprout Walnuts

5. Basic Parts of Seeds 1. Embryo 2. Food Supply – 1 st leaves 3. Ovary wall or seed coat

6. Germination Needed for Germination 1. Temperature 2. Moisture 3. Air 4. Light or absence of it

7. Germination Process 1. Seed absorbs water 2. Seeds proteins activated 3. Radicle (root) emerges 4. Plumule or embryonic shoot emerges 5. Leaves form and food production begins

8. Monocot Seeds 1. Seed coat-protection 2. Endosperm- a source of energy 3. Embryo-miniature plant that has Epicotyle-shoot above cotyledon Hypocotyl-part of stem below the cotyledon Radicle- primary root, supports seedling

9. Dicot Seeds 1. Seed Coat-protection 2. Embryo miniature plant 2 cotyledons-seed leaves Epicotyl-true leaves Hypocotyl-first stem, pulls seed upward Radicle-forms roots

10. Monocot Germination 1. Seed swells 2. Radicle grows down 3. First internode and epicotyl grows upward 4. New leaves form and food production starts 5. New root system develops 6. Temporary root system ceases to function and dies

11. Dicot Germination 1. Seed swells 2. Radicle grows down 3. Hypocotyl forms arch that breaks soil surface 4. Hypocotyl reaches light and straightens up 5. Cotyledons turn green and make food 6. As new leaves develop, cotyledons dry up and fall off

12. Seedlings Sow in soil – direct seeding Grass Covercrops Sow in growing mix Transplant after developed 1 st or second set of leaves Only use sterile mix

13. Promix Soilless Medium MYCRORISE® PRO has a beneficial fungus that is found naturally in soils around the world. Mycorrhizae forms an association, or symbiosis, with the roots of the plants.

14. Promix BX Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss (75-85 % / vol.) Dolomitic & Calcitic Limestone (pH adjuster) Endomycorrhize (Mycorise® Pro) Macronutrients Perlite — horticultural grade Micronutrients Vermiculite Wetting Agent

15. Damping Off Fungal disease that kills seedlings

16. Today Start tree seeds Walnut Redbud Chestnut Oak Walk down to irrigation project