Crop idiotypes
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This document discusses crop ideotypes, which are biological models for ideal crop varieties suited to a particular environment. It provides examples of ideotypes for several crops including rice, wheat, cotton, millets, and barley. The rice ideotype model proposes optimal traits such as panicle number, plant height, leaf size and angles, and harvest index. The wheat ideotype favors traits like a short strong stem, erect leaves, few small leaves, a large ear, and awns to maximize photosynthesis. The cotton ideotype is described as short in stature, compact, determinate fruiting, short duration, and highly resistant to insects and diseases.
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Water use efficiency
Production (of crops) per unit of water applied.
Expressed in kg/ha-mm.
Two distinct terms are used in expressing water use efficiency:
Crop water use efficiency: It is the ratio of crop yield (Y) to the amount of water depleted by the crop in the process of evapotranspiration (ET).
Crop WUE = Y/ET
Field water use efficiency: It is the ratio of crop yield (Y) to the total amount of water used in the field (WR), which include ET, deep percolation and that used in plant metabolic processes.
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Dioscorea deltoidea l. and their phyto chemical and phyto constituents
This document provides information on Dioscorea deltoidea L., commonly known as yam. It discusses the plant's classification, geographical distribution, introduction, uses, chemical constituents, climate and soil requirements, agro-techniques including propagation, nursery techniques, planting, intercropping, maintenance, irrigation, weed control, harvest management, post-harvest handling, yield, and economics of cultivation. D. deltoidea is a tuberous vine found in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Nepal. Its tubers are used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various health conditions and its cultivation requires sandy loam soil and humid climate.
Community ecology...1
Community ecology is the study of the interactions between species within a biological community. A community is defined as an assemblage of plant and animal species that occur together in a specific habitat. Characteristics of a community include species diversity, dominance by one or a few species, trophic structure consisting of producers, consumers, and decomposers, and successional changes over time. Communities can be classified and analyzed based on quantitative characteristics like frequency, density, and cover, and qualitative characteristics like physiognomy, phenology, and stratification. Ecotones form transitional zones between two adjacent communities, and the biological spectrum indicates the distribution of life forms in a community.
Ideotype concept on cereal crops
This document discusses crop ideotypes, which are conceptual model plants that are optimally equipped for maximum yield in a given environment. It outlines three main types of ideotypes: isolation ideotypes, which perform best when space planted; competition ideotypes, which perform well in heterogeneous populations by shading neighbors; and crop or communal ideotypes, which are best suited for high crop densities. The document then provides examples of proposed ideotypes for several crops like wheat, maize, and barley, outlining key morphological and physiological traits. It emphasizes that an ideotype is a moving target that changes based on environmental conditions and new research findings.
ideotype in rice .pptx
The term ideotype was introduced by Colin Malcolm Donald (1968)
He defined it as a biological model, which is expected to perform or behave in a predictable manner within a defined environment.
In ideotype breeding, goals are specified for each trait, resulting in a description of a model plant for the traits of interest (Rasmusson, 1987).
Weed ID and Life Cycle
This document defines weeds and discusses their characteristics and life cycles. It notes that a weed is a plant that is out of place and interferes with human activities. Weeds often reproduce quickly through seeds or other structures and can adapt to different environments. They may be annual, biennial, or perennial. The document lists common invasive landscape plants in California such as ice plant, fig, and various palm and acacia species and notes the costs of removing invasive plants.
Field study on plants
This document discusses plant biodiversity and summarizes key information about different types of plants and climatic zones for plant growth. It defines biodiversity and estimates the number of known plant species. It describes plant adaptations and the role of botanical gardens in conservation. It also summarizes the naming system for plants developed by Linnaeus and describes the main groups of flowering and non-flowering plants, including gymnosperms, angiosperms, mosses and ferns. Finally, it characterizes different climatic zones suitable for plant growth, such as rainforests, deserts and temperate zones.
Healthy soils
This document discusses principles of soil health and how soil functions. It explains that soil should manage energy flow from the sun, store and release water, and cycle nutrients. Soil health relies on a diverse community of organisms and having living roots in the ground as much as possible. Agricultural practices like tillage and overgrazing can disrupt these functions by destroying soil habitat and organisms. The document recommends managing for less soil disturbance, more plant diversity, keeping living roots, and keeping the soil covered to improve soil health.
Weed biology characteristics 2017 1
This document discusses the persistence and survival mechanisms of weeds. It begins by defining persistence as the continued existence of something and outlines the objectives of understanding what makes some plants able to grow where unwanted and why they are difficult to control. The main survival mechanisms of weeds discussed are reproduction, plasticity, and mimicry. Weed reproduction includes seed production, dispersal, germination, dormancy and longevity. Plasticity allows weeds to tolerate a wide range of conditions. Mimicry allows weeds to hide in crop seeds or mimic crop morphology. The document provides details on each of these mechanisms.
CROP IDEOTYPE CONCEPT- WHEAT, BARLEY, MAIZE AND COTTON
This document discusses crop ideotypes, which are conceptual plant models designed with specific ideal traits. An ideotype is defined as a plant type expected to maximize yield of a desired product. There are three main types of ideotypes: isolation, competition, and crop. When developing an ideotype, breeders consider the target environment, quality factors, agronomic practices, and use simulation models. Ideal traits include efficient resource use, sensitivity to management, and high harvest index. Examples of crop ideotypes described include short-statured, high-tillering rice and wheat ideotypes, and maize ideotypes with efficient photosynthesis and grain filling. The multistep process of ideotype breeding aims to develop cultivars with
1615 Ecological Intensification - Lessons from SRI from Green Revolution to...
1615 Ecological Intensification - Lessons from SRI from Green Revolution to...SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Willem A. Stoop presents on ecological intensification lessons learned from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). He discusses two approaches to intensification - conventional using modern varieties, dense planting, irrigation, and chemicals, and ecological using local varieties, low seeding rates, and organic inputs. SRI is presented as an example of an agro-ecological approach using practices like young seedlings, wide spacing, and alternate wetting and drying of soils. SRI results in increased growth, yields, and resilience through enhanced root and soil biology. However, SRI challenges conventional agricultural sciences' focus on increasing planting densities and fertilizer use over soil health and plant spacing.Ash gourd
This document provides information about the production technology of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) including its origin, description, varieties, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices, plant protection, harvesting, and value-added products. It details several varieties of ash gourd developed by state agricultural universities in India such as CO.1, CO.2 from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and Ekalavya from Kerala Agricultural University that are high yielding and resistant to diseases. The document also outlines best practices for field preparation, sowing, irrigation, fertilizer application, training of vines, and control of pests and diseases like fruit fly, leaf beetles, aphids, downy mildew, and powder
How plants colonized the land and evolution
Plants first evolved in water and later adapted to colonize land. They developed traits like sporopollenin walls to prevent spores from drying out, cellulose cell walls, and vascular tissues to transport water and nutrients. Land plants are thought to have evolved from charophyte algae based on similarities in chloroplasts, cell walls, sperm, and molecular evidence. Seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms protected embryos in seeds and reproduced using pollen, allowing them to diversify and dominate terrestrial ecosystems.
1.weed management an introduction A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan
This document provides an introduction to weeds, including their characteristics and management. Weeds are plants that grow where they are not wanted. Key characteristics that allow weeds to thrive include abundant seed production, rapid growth, seed dormancy, long seed viability in soil, effective dispersal mechanisms, and ability to colonize disturbed sites. Common weed management methods discussed are prevention, chemical control, mechanical control, and cultural practices like crop rotation. The document provides examples to illustrate different weed types, life cycles, reproductive structures, and control challenges.
Community ecology 1
This document provides an overview of community ecology, including definitions, characteristics, structures, and classifications of biological communities. The key points are:
1) A biological community is an assemblage of interacting plant and animal species that coexist in a particular area. Characteristics include species diversity, growth forms, dominance by certain species, successional changes over time, and trophic levels.
2) Communities vary in size from small microbe groups to large forests spanning thousands of square kilometers. Structurally, communities can be open or closed.
3) Communities are classified and analyzed using various quantitative and qualitative characters such as frequency, density, abundance, cover, stratification, and life forms. Classification systems include
Source sink relationship and different growth models
This document discusses concepts of source and sink in plants, including the translocation of photosynthates from source to sink. It defines source and sink, describing leaves as the primary source and seeds, fruits, and roots as typical sinks. Photosynthates are transported from source to sink in the form of sucrose. The relationship between source and sink can be manipulated experimentally by altering source size through defoliation or reducing light intensity, or by changing sink size through reducing reproductive structures. Understanding this source-sink relationship is important for optimizing crop yields.
Hybrid variety plants
This document discusses hybrid varieties of plants. It begins by explaining that plant breeding is used to produce desired traits in plants. Hybrids are commonly produced because they have desirable traits not found in parent plants. Some examples of hybrid animals and plants are then given. The rest of the document discusses characteristics and examples of hybridized plants, including higher resistance, yield and productivity. Specific hybrid varieties of crops like rice, chili, brinjal, tomato, rubber, cucumber, pea and coconut are outlined. In conclusion, hybrid plants provide benefits like increased yields and productivity compared to traditional varieties.
Similar to Crop idiotypes (20)
Dioscorea deltoidea l. and their phyto chemical and phyto constituents
Dioscorea deltoidea l. and their phyto chemical and phyto constituents
CROP IDEOTYPE CONCEPT- WHEAT, BARLEY, MAIZE AND COTTON
CROP IDEOTYPE CONCEPT- WHEAT, BARLEY, MAIZE AND COTTON
1615 Ecological Intensification - Lessons from SRI from Green Revolution to...
1615 Ecological Intensification - Lessons from SRI from Green Revolution to...
1.weed management an introduction A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan
1.weed management an introduction A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan
Source sink relationship and different growth models
Source sink relationship and different growth models
More from Sudershan Mishra
Hacking photosynthesis
This document discusses opportunities for improving photosynthesis in crops to increase food security. It begins by outlining the scale of increased crop yields needed by 2050 due to population growth. Current yield increases are not keeping pace. The theoretical framework for analyzing yield considers light interception efficiency, conversion efficiency of intercepted light to biomass, and harvest index. While light interception and harvest index improvements are limited, conversion efficiency or radiation use efficiency could be improved through photosynthesis. Strategies discussed include modifying crop canopy architecture, improving Rubisco, bypassing photorespiration, and applying technologies like genetic engineering. A case study models how reducing chlorophyll in upper canopy leaves with more in lower leaves could increase canopy photosynthesis with little penalty.
Clocking the floral transition from phytochromes to molcular or circadian clocks
The timing of floral transition has a direct impact on reproductive success. One of the most important environmental factors that affect this transition is the change in day length (photoperiod). Classical experiments imply that plants monitor photoperiods in the leaf, and transmit that information coded within an elusive signal dubbed florigen to the apex, to reprogram development. Thus, flowering is the result of the coordination between genetic information and environmental cues. Phytochromes were considered central to this coordination in deciding the flowering time, for most part of the chronobiology research. However, intensive research in Arabidopsis over the past two decades, aided by functional genomics tools has revealed a larger role of circadian clocks in driving the flux towards flowering. Genome wide chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques have revealed that plants have evolved highly complex gene regulatory networks to modulate the timing of the floral transition. At least 306 genes and eight genetic pathways affect flowering, including the photoperiod, autonomous, vernalization, ambient temperature, and GA dependent pathways. Each pathway is centrally governed by a module of transcription factors, whose abundance in turn is regulated by daylight sensing (phytochromes) as well as generation of an internal rhythm (circadian clocks). The physiological response (flowering) occurs only when there is coincidence between the internal rhythm and phytochrome mediated abundance of the transcription factors. In case of Arabidopsis the CO-FT module is central to timing of flowering where daylight mediated CO (CONSTANS) expression leads to subsequent photoperiodic induction of the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which might encode a major component of florigen. Similar molecular clock regulated modules have been reported in case of crops such as the Ghd7-Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 in case of rice and PPD1-PRR7 module in case of wheat and barley. However, whether these modules are conserved among cereal crops or they vary from one crop to another, remains to be ascertained
C4 rice - Tweaking Rice Physiology for Second green revolution
Rice is a staple food crop for more than half of world’s population. The success of green revolution that began in 1960’s led to a tenfold increase in rice yield but it is clear now that the gains from the grains of first green revolution have exhausted. By 2050 there would be 1309 million tonnes demand of rice and C3 rice even when best managed can yield only 915 million tones. Increasing radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) are the contemporary approaches being tested on a wider scale. c.C4 type photosynthesis due to its carbon dioxide tunneling system and negligible photorespiration is much more efficient than the C3 system even at tropical temperatures where rice is generally grown. Even though engineering C4 rice requires syndromic large scale tweaking in physiology, advances in genome wide deep sequencing (popularly called as Next gen Sequencing or NSG) and genome editing platforms have brought the possibility of making C4 rice closer than ever before. A selected group of C4 genes have been inserted into rice through mutagenesis and hybridization and their effects recorded in transgenics upto 3 generations. The compartmentalized overexpression of key C4 genes using Rice DNA activation tagging constitutes another approach towards C4 rice. Because C4 plants have evolved independently multiple times from C3 origins, it is being investigated whether the key genes and gene regulatory networks that regulate C4 plants have been recruited from C3 ancestors. To facilitate this comparative transcriptomes analysis of C3 vs. C4 leaves and other C3 and C4 tissues has been done and thus the exact number of genes differentially expressing between C3 and C4 can now be calculated. High throughput OMIC data thus generated is cross referenced with whole genome databases and this has yielded sufficient number of candidate genes for bundle sheath specific expression. Fox hunting systems and Tos 17 transposable systems have also yielded a set of interesting mutants in this regard. Identification of mutants through DHPLC and TILLING are used to track down whole genome duplication events in the evolution towards C4 rice. While the discovery of cis acting sequences in C3 to C4 transition is a favorable advance, our further studies are limited by the poor resolution of transcript profiles and epigenetic signatures. Availability of only a few models of in silico studies about performance of C4 rice under dense crop canopies is another limitation.
Physiological parameters affecting crop yield
Physiological parameters like water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, assimilate partitioning, harvest index, and respiratory efficiency can impact crop yield. Water use efficiency measures how efficiently a crop converts water into biomass or grain. Nutrient use efficiency measures how efficiently a plant transforms nutrients acquired into economic yield. Assimilate partitioning and harvest index influence how photosynthates are distributed among plant parts or converted into economic yields. Respiratory efficiency impacts crop yields by reducing biomass losses from respiration. Improving these physiological parameters can enhance crop water productivity and yield potential.
AUXIN a morphogen in plant growth and development
the presentation encompasses auxin synthesis, conjugation, degradation, polar and lateral transport and signalling and how all of these together have a bearing on programming and design of the whole plan
Photoperiodism
Photoperiodism refers to plant responses to day length and plays a key role in flowering. Garner and Allard discovered that tobacco plants were either short-day or long-day plants, flowering only under certain critical day lengths. It was later found that plants actually respond to night length rather than day length. The phytochrome pigment system, involving conversion between PR and PFR forms via red and far-red light absorption, allows plants to measure night length. The circadian clock model proposes that an internal timing mechanism is entrained by light to regulate flowering.
More from Sudershan Mishra (6)
Clocking the floral transition from phytochromes to molcular or circadian clocks
Clocking the floral transition from phytochromes to molcular or circadian clocks
C4 rice - Tweaking Rice Physiology for Second green revolution
C4 rice - Tweaking Rice Physiology for Second green revolution
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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Crop idiotypes
- 1. CROP IDIOTYPES TAILORING A MAXIMALLY SUITABLE CULTIVAR
- 2. WHAT IS A CROP IDIOTYPE • The term ideotype was given by Donald (1968). He gave the ideotype for wheat • Thereafter different scientists gave different ideotypes for different crops • Ideotype is a ‘biological model expected to perform or behave in a particular manner in a defined environment’ • An ideotype may be developed according to the suitability of the need, e.g. ideotype for disease resistance • However in general for increasing the yield the ideotype consists of optimizing the physiological growth parameters
- 3. Rice ideotype (Jennings, 1964) • Moderate tillering capacity (270–300 panicles m-2), • Heavy (5 g panicle) and drooping panicles at maturity, • Plant height of at least 100 cm (from soil surface to unbent plant tip) and panicle height of 60 cm (from soil surface to the top of panicles with panicles in natural position) at maturity, • Attributes of the top three leaves: a. Flag-leaf length of 50 cm and 55 cm for the 2nd and 3rd leaves. b. All three leaves are above panicle height. c. Should remain erect until maturity. d. Leaf angles of the flag, 2nd, and 3rd leaves are around 58, 108, and 208°, respectively. e. Narrow and V-shape leaves (2 cm leaf width when flattened). f. Thick leaves (specific leaf weight of top three leaves = 55 g m-2). g. Leaf area index (LAI) of top three leaves is about 6.0. • Harvest index of about 0.55.
- 4. Wheat Ideotype (Donald 1968) • A short strong stem. It imparts lodging resistance and reduces the losses due to lodging. • Erect leaves. Such leaves provide better arrangement for proper light distribution resulting in high photosynthesis or CO2 fixation. • Few small leaves. Leaves are the important sites of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Few and small reduce water loss due to transpiration. • Larger ear. It will produce more grains per ear. • A presence of owns. Awns contribute towards photosynthesis. • Presence of awns. Awns contribute towards photosynthesis. • A single culm.
- 5. Cotton Ideotype (Singh and Narayana 1993) • Short stature (90-120 cm) , • Compact and sympodial plant habit making pyramidal shape, • Determinate the fruiting habit with unimodal distribution of bolling, • Short duration (150-165 days), • Responsive to high fertilizer dose, • High degree of inter plant competitive ability, • High degree of resistance to insect pests and diseases, and • High physiological efficiency
- 6. Millets (Swaminathan 1972) • Superior population performance, • High productivity per day, • High photosynthetic ability, • Low photo respiration, • Photo and thermo sensitivity, • High response to nutrients, • High productivity per unit of water, • Multiple resistances to insect and diseases, • Better protein quantity and quality • Crop canopies that can retain and fix a maximum of CO2, and • Suitability to mechanization.
- 7. Barley Ideotype (Rasmusson 1987) • Larger thermal time from anthesis to physiological maturity • Smaller thermal time before anthesis • Smaller photoperiod and larger vernalization sensitivity • Larger SLA and maximum LAI • Larger Amaxor RUE • Higher water use efficiency • Larger grain number • Larger HI