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UK Adult Obesity Data
Over 60% of men and over 50% of women in England are overweight or obese. Obesity rates have nearly doubled over the past 20 years from around 15% to over 25% today. Risk factors for obesity include increasing age, lower income and education levels, living in deprived areas, and belonging to certain ethnic minority groups. Maintaining a healthy weight and waist circumference is important for reducing health risks.
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UK Adult Obesity Data
- 1. Patterns and trendsin adult obesity A presentation of the latest data on adult obesity
- 2. Overweight and obesityamong adults Health Survey for England 2010-2012 More than 6 out of 10 men are overweight or obese (66.5%) More than 5 out of 10 women are overweight or obese (57.8%) Adult (aged 16+) overweight and obesity: BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 2 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 3. Obesity among adults HealthSurvey for England 2010-2012 One out of four men is obese (24.7%) One out of four women is obese (25.7%) Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 3 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 4. Adult BMI statusby sex Health Survey for England 2010-2012 Underweight Underweight 1.3% 2.1% Obese Obese 24.7% 25.7% Healthy weight 32.2% Men Women Healthy weight 40.1% Overweight Overweight 32.1% 41.7% Adult (aged 16+) BMI thresholds: Underweight: <18.5kg/m2 Healthy weight: 18.5 to <25kg/m2 4 Overweight: 25 to <30kg/m2 Obese: ≥30kg/m2 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 5. Trend in obesityprevalence among adults Health Survey for England 1993-2012 (3-year average) 30% Women Men Prevalence of obesity 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 5 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 6. Trend in excessweight among adults Health Survey for England 1993-2012 (3-year average) 70% Men 65% Women Prevalence of overweight 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% Adult (aged 16+) overweight including obese: BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 6 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 7. Trend in severeobesity among adults Health Survey for England 1993-2012 (3-year average) 4.0% Women 3.5% Men Prevalence of severe obesity 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Adult (aged 16+) severe obesity: BMI ≥ 40kg/m2 7 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 8. Change in theadult BMI distribution Health Survey for England 1991-1993 and 2008-2010 Underweight Healthy weight Overweight Obese Severely obese <18.5kg/m2 18.5 to <25kg/m2 25 to <30 kg/m2 30 to <40kg/m2 ≥40kg/m2 Men Men Men Men 1991-93: 0.7% 2008-10: 0.7% 1991-93: 37.8% 2008-10: 27.0% Women 1991-93: 1.3% 2008-10: 1.2% 12 BMI (kg/m2) Women 1991-93: 47.6% 2008-10: 36.8% 18.5 1991-93: 14.6% 2008-10: 26.1% 1991-93: 46.7% 2008-10: 44.7% Women Women 1991-93: 33.3% 2008-10: 34.4% 1991-93: 16.4% 2008-10: 24.0% Men 1991-93: 0.3% 2008-10: 1.5% 25 Men 1991-1993 30 Women 1991-1993 Women 1991-93: 1.4% 2008-10: 3.5% 40 50 Men 2008-2010 Women 2008-2010 Adults aged 18+ years (population weighted) 8 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 9. Adult obesity prevalenceby age Health Survey for England 2010-2012 35% Men Women 30% 33.7% 33.1% 33.1% 30.2% 31.4% 30.4% 28.4% Prevalence of obesity 25% 24.4% 20% 20.9% 17.1% 15% 10% 26.6% 25.2% 11.5% 12.3% 5% 0% 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 9 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 10. Prevalence of adultobesity by region Health Survey for England 2009-2011 (3-year average) 30% Men Women Obesity prevalence 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% North West 10 North East West Yorks and Midlands the Humber Patterns and trends in adult obesity East of England East Midlands South West South East London Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 11. Adult obesity prevalenceby income Health Survey for England 2007-2011 40% Men Women 35% Obesity prevalence 30% 30.6% 25% 20% 31.3% 28.5% 24.7% 26.9% 27.1% 23.9% 23.9% 24.2% 19.5% 15% 10% 5% 0% Lowest income quintile Highest income quintile Equivalised household income quintiles Income measure is equivalised household income 11 Patterns and trends in adult obesity The chart shows 95% confidence intervals Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 12. Adult obesity prevalenceby education Health Survey for England 2007-2011 40% Men Women 35% 33.2% 30% 33.0% Obesity prevalence 30.3% 25% 25.8% 20% 25.9% 27.0% 27.0% 23.5% 25.6% 20.5% 20.5% 15% 18.0% 10% 5% 0% No qualification NVQ1/CSE other grade equiv NVQ2/GCE O Level NVQ3/GCE A Level equiv equiv Higher ed below degree Degree/NVQ4/NVQ5 or equiv Highest level of education Education measure is highest qualification attained 12 Patterns and trends in adult obesity The chart shows 95% confidence intervals Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 13. Adult obesity prevalenceby deprivation Health Survey for England 2007-2011 40% Men Women 35% Obesity prevalence 30% 31.5% 30.1% 25% 26.2% 20% 23.7% 25.3% 26.0% 26.6% 25.5% 22.6% 21.2% 15% 10% 5% 0% Least deprived Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 quintile Deprivation measure is Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 13 Patterns and trends in adult obesity Most deprived The chart shows 95% confidence intervals Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 14. Trend in adultobesity prevalence by social class Health Survey for England 1994-2009 (5 year moving average) Men Women 30% 40% 35% 25% Obesity prevalence 30% 20% 15% 5% 10% 15% 0% 94-98 95-99 96-00 97-01 98-02 99-03 00-04 01-05 02-06 03-07 04-08 05-09 10% 25% 20% 40% 35% 15% 30% Obesity prevalence 30% 10% I - Professional II - Managerial technical IIIN - Skilled non-manual 5% IV - Semi-skilled manual 0% 94-98 95-99 14 96-00 97-01 98-02 99-03 00-04 Patterns and trends in adult obesity 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 20% 5% 0% 94-98 95-99 96-00 97-01 98-02 99-03 00-04 01-05 02-06 03-07 04-08 05-09 IIIM - Skilled manual 5% V - Unskilled manual 0% 94-98 01-05 02-06 I - Professional IIIM - Skilled manual IIIN - Skilled non-manual 95-99 03-07 II - Managerial technical IV - Semi-skilled manual V - Unskilled manual 96-00 04-08 97-01 05-09 98-02 99-03 00-04 01-05 02-06 03-07 04- Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 15. Adult obesity prevalenceby ethnic group Health Survey for England 2006-2010 45% Men Women 40% Obesity prevalence 35% 30% 25% 31.6% 20% 25.5% 26.2% 18.8% 18.7% 15% 20.9% 17.4% 10% 13.9% 16.0% 13.2% 13.1% 12.2% 5% 11.5% 15.1% 0% White Irish Obesity prevalence is age standardised 15 Patterns and trends in adult obesity Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Black African Black Caribbean The chart shows 95% confidence intervals Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
- 16. Adult waist circumference HealthSurvey for England Year of survey Mean waist circumference (cm) % with raised* waist circumference 1993 1993 2012 82cm 27% 88cm 46% 2012 93cm 21% 97cm 34% Adults aged 16+ years * Raised waist circumference is taken to be greater than 102cm in men and greater than 88cm in women % with raised waist circumference is a three year average for 1993-95 and 2010-12 16 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 17. Adult raised waistcircumference by age Health Survey for England 2010-2012 70% Men Women Prevalence of raised waist circumference 60% 63.4% 62.1% 58.6% 50% 50.3% 43.7% 40% 30% 51.6% 48.2% 41.3% 31.9% 31.7% 20% 10% 51.6% 20.5% 18.6% 11.2% 0% 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ Adults aged 16+ years * Raised waist circumference is taken to be greater than 102cm in men and greater than 88cm in women 17 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 18. Trend in raisedwaist circumference among adults Health Survey for England 1993-2012 50% Prevalence of raised waist circumference Women Men 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Adults aged 16+ years, the chart shows 95% confidence intervals * Raised waist circumference is taken to be greater than 102cm in men and greater than 88cm in women 18 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 19. Health risk categories HealthSurvey for England/ NICE Low Men: <94cm Women: <80cm BMI Underweight 2 (<18.5kg/m ) Healthy weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2) Overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) Obese (30-34.9kg/m2) Very obese (≥40kg/m2) 19 Waist circumference High Men: 94-102cm Women: 80-88cm Very high Men: >102cm Women: >88cm Underweight (Not Applicable) Underweight (Not Applicable) Underweight (Not Applicable) No increased risk No increased risk Increased risk No increased risk Increased risk High risk Increased risk High risk Very high risk Very high risk Very high risk Very high risk Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 20. Trend in prevalenceof health risk categories Using both BMI and waist circumference; Health Survey for England 13% 14% 16% 17% 14% 15% 15% 15% 16% 16% 16% 15% High risk 18% 17% 17% 18% 17% 18% 16% 16% Increased risk 45% 45% 45% 56% 55% Very high risk 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 22% 22% 22% 23% 21% 24% 23% 23% 15% 15% 15% 11% 12% 20% 21% 21% 44% 45% 45% 43% 44% 42% 42% 44% No increased risk 12% 12% 18% 18% 52% 51% Underweight 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Adults aged 16+ years. Using combined waist circumference and BMI classification, as recommended by NICE 20 Patterns and trends in adult obesity
- 21. Women Change in prevalenceof health risk categories 55.2% 15.8% 12.2% 14.8% Using both BMI and waist circumference; Health Survey for England 1993-1994 Underweight No increased risk Men 55.6% Women Increased risk 55.2% 2011-2012 Underweight Men No increased risk 44.7% Women 40.9% High risk 20.8% 15.8% Increased risk 18.7% 14.2% 11.2% 12.2% High risk 13.6% 18.1% Very high risk 11.3% 14.8% Very high risk 21.6% 24.8% Adults aged 16+ years Underweight 21 No increased risk Patterns and trends in adult obesity Increased risk waist circumference and BMI classification, as recommended by NICE High risk Very high risk Using combined
- 22. For more information: www.noo.org.uk info@noo.org.uk 22 Patternsand trends in adult obesity
Editor's Notes
- #2 These PowerPoint slides present key data and information on adult obesity in clear, easy to understand charts and graphics. These can be used freely with acknowledgement to Public Health England.
- #3 The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this graphic are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #4 The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this graphic are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #5 Healthy weight prevalence is much lower for men than for women (even though obesity prevalence is marginally higher for women than for men). This is because there is a much higher prevalence of overweight in men than in women.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce these charts are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #6 Obesity prevalence continues to rise, but the rate of increase appears to be slowing for both sexes.Obesity prevalence remains higher for women, but the gap between men and women appears to have narrowed over time.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #7 The prevalence of excess weight rose substantially between 1993 and 2002, but has remained relatively stable since that time for both men and women.Unlike for obesity prevalence, prevalence of excess weight is higher for men than women.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #8 The prevalence of severe obesity (BMI ≥40kg/m2) has increased since 1993 for both men and women.Severe obesity prevalence is much higher for women than men.http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/Morbid_obesityThe published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #9 This chart shows the change in the BMI distribution among men and women aged 18 and over, using HSE data.Young adults aged 16 and 17 have not been included in this analysis, as the BMI distribution of people of this age is substantially different to that of the rest of the adult population.The data have been weighted to the English population at the time of measurement (i.e. 1991-1993 and 2008-2010). This means the distributions shown represent the BMI distribution within the adult population at that time.There have been minor changes in the age structure of the English population between 1991-93 and 2008-10, which could account for some of the differences between the BMI distributions shown for earlier years and the present day. However further analysis has shown that these changes account for only a very small proportion of the differences observed. The changes in the shape of the distribution since 1991-93 are therefore primarily due to increases in BMI rather than changes in the age structure.The analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive,http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #10 There are differences in obesity prevalence by both age and sex.Obesity prevalence appears to increase with age (in the age range 16 to 74 years), but then decreases above age 75 years. When broken down by age group, differences in obesity prevalence by sex are most noticeable in the 16-24 years and 75+ age groups. Here obesity prevalence is higher for women than for men. However between the ages of 45 and 64 years obesity prevalence appears to be higher among men than women. The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #11 Prevalence of obesity among adults varies by region in England.Adult (aged 16+ years) age standardised obesity prevalence by English Region. The data in this chart were produced to create time-series maps for the Obesity Knowledge and Intelligence website, therefore no confidence limits are provided with the prevalence estimates.http://www.noo.org.uk/visualisation/adult_obesityThe analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #12 The relationship between obesity prevalence and socioeconomic status differs by sex. Obesity prevalence among women tends to show a marked decrease as socioeconomic status improves, as shown above using equivalised household income. This pattern appears to be consistent across a number of indicators of socioeconomic status.The pattern is different for men. There is no apparent relationship between equivalised household income and obesity prevalence. However this relationship seems to vary between different indicators of socioeconomic status (shown in the following slides displaying obesity prevalence by educational attainment; area deprivation; social class).More information and analysis is available in the Adult Obesity and Socioeconomic Status data factsheet, available to download at http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_pub/Key_dataThe analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #13 More information and analysis is available in the Adult Obesity and Socioeconomic Status data factsheet, available to download at http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_pub/Key_dataThe analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #14 More information and analysis is available in the Adult Obesity and Socioeconomic Status data factsheet, available to download at http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_pub/Key_dataThe analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #15 The trend in obesity prevalence by social class differs by sex. For all social classes prevalence of obesity among men has increased between 1994 and 2009; men from the skilled manual class consistently have the highest obesity prevalence and professional men the lowest prevalence. Women from the professional social class have the lowest prevalence of obesity. The apparent dip in prevalence in this group between 2001 and 2006 could be explained by the small sample size of women in this group during that period. There appear to be larger differences in prevalence in women between social class groups compared to men. Women in the unskilled manual class consistently have the highest prevalence of obesity.Social class of the survey respondent was not available in the 2010 HSE data, so this chart has not been updated.The analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/
- #16 The chart shows variation in prevalence of obesity by ethnic group and between sexes within ethnic groups. Prevalence of obesity is higher in women compared to men for Black African and Pakistani ethnic groups. Prevalence of obesity is higher among women of Black Caribbean,Black African, and Pakistani ethnicities, compared to the other ethnic groups.The data have been age standardised to adjust for the different average age by ethnic group.In order to produce analysis as similar as possible to published HSE data the following ethnic groups have been combined:Mixed White and Black Caribbean combined with Black CaribbeanMixed White and Black African combined with Black AfricanAny other white background combined with WhiteThe analysis for this chart was produced using Health Survey for England data from the UK Data Archive:http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
- #17 The prevalence of raised waist circumference is higher among women than men. Both sexes have seen an increase since 1993.For more information on waist circumference and other measures of central adiposity see:http://www.noo.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_8864_MEASURES%20OF%20CENTRAL%20ADIPOSITY%20AS%20AN%20INDICATOR%20OF%20OBESITY%20August%2009_updated%20Dec%202010_.pdfThe published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #18 The prevalence of raised waist circumference increases with age for both men and women. There is a greater prevalence of raised waist circumference among women, particularly in the older age groups.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #19 Increasing proportions of both men and women have raised waist circumference (defined as >102cm for men and >88cm for women), as can be seen in the trend from 1993 to 2012. There are signs of a stabilisation of the trend among men and a possible halt to the increasing trend among women.Waist circumference was not collected for the whole HSE sample in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, or 2004.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #20 Both raised BMI and raised waist circumference are thought to be independent predictors of future obesity related ill heath. Both NICE and the WHO have recommended the use of combined BMI and waist circumference categories for identifying an individual’s risk of obesity related ill health.This table shows how such categories can be used.Adapted from:National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG43 (accessed 18/02/2011)
- #21 This figure shows the change in the England population’s risk of future obesity related ill health between 1993 and 2012 using the combined BMI and waist circumference categories. There has been a steady increase in the proportion of adults with an increased, high, and very high risk of obesity related ill-health between 1993 and 2012.Waist circumference was not collected for the whole HSE sample in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, or 2004.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219
- #22 This figure shows the change in the England population’s risk of future obesity related ill-health between 1993-94 and 2011-12. Using the combined BMI and waist circumference categories, over 10% more (in absolute terms) of the adult population are now at increased risk of obesity related ill-health than in 1993-94.In both 1993-1994 and 2011-2012 men and women have similar proportions at‘no increased risk’ and therefore also have similar proportions at ‘increased, high, and very high risk’, this is interesting as there are some differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity by sex.The considerable increase in prevalence in the ‘very high risk’ category is the main contributor to this rise, for both men and women.The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13219