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Personality
The document discusses several perspectives on personality: 1) Psychodynamic perspective focuses on the unconscious mind in development. Behaviorist perspective examines environmental influences on behavior. Humanist perspective looks at experiences and choices shaping personality. 2) Freud and his psychoanalytic approach emphasized the unconscious and structures of ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO. Jung focused on the personal and collective unconscious. Adler stressed inferiority complexes. Horney argued against Freud's views. 3) Behavioral theories examined associative learning and social learning influences on observable behaviors according to Skinner and Bandura respectively. Humanistic theories from Rogers and Maslow emphasized self-actualization and hierarchies of needs.
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Personality
- 1. PERSONALITY General Psychology (1/23) C. Sagarbarria
- 2. Personality Personality - theunique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave “Characteristic patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that determine a person’s adjustment to environment”
- 3. THREE FORCES INTHE STUDY OF PERSONALITY The Psychodynamic Perspective Focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development of personality The Behaviorist Perspective Focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior The Humanist Perspective Focuses on the role of each person’s real-life experiences and choices in personality development
- 4. The Man andthe Couch: Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach Jung’s* Analytic Psychology Adler’s* Individual Psychology Horney’s* Socio-Cultural Approach * - called Neo-Freudians
- 5. Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Approach http://psychoanalysis.cz/images/freud%20warhol1.jpg
- 6. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach Freud believed that the mind was divided into three parts: Preconscious Conscious Unconscious
- 7. 3 structures ofPersonality: ID - consists of instincts and urges , operates on pleasure principle (If it feels good, do it) EGO- rational and logical, works on the reality principle (If it feels good, do it - but only if you can get away with it ) SUPEREGO - houses the conscience, the moral compass of our personality (why even bother, you’re gonna get caught anyway)
- 8. Structures of Personality http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/staff/tlink/general/personality/4%20id%20ego%20superego.jpg
- 9. The Angel, The Devil, and Me How the 3 structures of our personality work together
- 10. Defense Mechanisms Methods employed by theego to reduce the conflict and anxiety brought on by the Id and the Superego http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenhangover3.jpg
- 11. Repression Most powerful and mostcommon defense mechanism Push unacceptable impulses and thoughts to the unconscious mind and out of awareness http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/shr0964l.jpg
- 12. Rationalization When the ego providesa good reason for behavior – a reason which may not be the actual truth behind the behavior http://www.self-help-for-humans.com/images/WeightLossCartoon1.gif
- 13. Projection When we failto accept our own shortcomings, we project them onto others and see these traits in others. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_btVf1Fq8z8A/S8YvYb4NqBI/AAAAAAAAASw/giOunJ0Ole8/s1600/l_e8d219385ac777ba3ed03ac7ea1d90f7.jpg
- 14. Reaction Formation When we transform unacceptable impulsesby giving expression to its opposite http://listverse.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/reactionformation-tm.jpg%3Fw%3D300%26h%3D233
- 15. Denial Refusal to acknowledge or recognizea threatening situation when we refuse to accept that something is happening http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6jaAJ7vV4Ak/TjCD0SXbaJI/AAAAAAAAAjk/7URzm41gCX4/s1600/denial.gif
- 16. Displacement When we shiftunacceptable feelings from one object to another, more acceptable object http://blogasarea.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/displacement.png
- 17. Sublimation A typeof displacement When the ego replaces unacceptable impulse with a socially approved course of action
- 18. Regression Occurs when we revertback to the way we used to behave when we were younger http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban2082l.jpg
- 19. Compensation The processof concealing or offsetting a psychological difficulty by developing in another direction.
- 20. Daydreaming Retreating into fantasy lifein response to stress http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/kta/lowres/ktan35l.jpg
- 21. The Development ofPersonality (Psychosexual) Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stage
- 22. Carl Gustave Jung Analytic Psychology http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_T4X_e_gKYyU/SyjaLBJyhZI/AAAAAAAADzo/Fj4syIzG400/s400/Jung_portrait.png
- 23. Emphasized the greaterrole of the unconscious Personal Unconscious& Part of the mind that is rarely accessible to awareness Collective Unconscious The impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all human beings
- 24. Archetypes Emotionally ladenideas and images in the Collective Unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning Emerge in Art, Religion, Literature, and dreams
- 25. Anima (Woman -feminine side of a man) Animus (Man - masculine side of a woman) Mandala (Self - individuality) Persona (our alter-ego) Shadow (Darker Self - the darker, immoral self)
- 26. Alfred Adler Individual Psychology http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2CHw1BAB7s/TarFbpUxKBI/AAAAAAAACqA/tPt1PpLqmEA/s1600/alfred+adler.jpg
- 27. Individual Psychology Theprimary concept of Individual Psychology is inferiority and the crux of human condition is the struggle against inferiority and the attainment of superiority
- 28. Inferiority Complex Exaggeratedfeelings of weakness and inadequacy Superiority Complex Exaggerated feelings of self- importance, assumed mainly to mask very strong feelings of inferiority
- 29. Karen Horney Socio-Cultural Approach http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch11_personality/11horney.jpg
- 30. Disagreed with Freud’sPenis Envy Countered it with her own concept of womb envy As children, we develop a sense of basic anxiety People whose parents give them love, affection, and security overcome this anxiety Those with less secure upbringing develop neurotic tendencies
- 31. moving towards people seek love, support, safety – being dependent on others moving away from people becoming more independent moving against people becoming competitive and domineering - aggressive
- 32. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH The Associative Learning Approach The Social Learning Approach
- 33. B. F. Skinner Associative Learning - Operant Conditioning http://www.leerbeleving.nl/wbts/1/skinner-portrait-40s.jpg
- 34. B.F. Skinner Majorinfluence and impact on mainstream Psychology Personality A collection of observable and overt or outward behaviors Behaviors are learned through reward and punishment experiences
- 35. Albert Bandura Social Learning Approach http://01.edu-cdn.com/files/static/g/pcl_0001_0001_0_img0016.jpg
- 36. People learn newbehavior through overt reinforcement or punishment, via observational learning of the social factors in their environment. Learning can take place even if we have not experienced (punished or rewarded) it ourselves - vicarious learning
- 37. The Phenomenological or HumanisticApproach Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow
- 38. Carl Rogers ✤ Real and Ideal Self ✤ Conditional and Unconditional Positive Regard http://www.modernblog.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Carl-Rogers.jpg
- 39. Real Self Whowe really are The “us” as a result of our experiences Ideal Self The person we would like to be The greater the discrepancy or difference between the real and ideal self, the more maladjusted the person is.
- 40. Mismatch = Ideal Self Real Self Anxiety Ideal Self Real Close Match = Harmony
- 41. Unconditional Positive Regard Blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does. Conditional Positive Regard Acceptance and support of a person but with conditions.
- 42. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy ofNeeds http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch09_motivation/09maslow.jpg
- 43. Proposed a Hierarchyof Needs Ascending from basic biological needs to more complex psychological motivations
- 44.