This document discusses Henry Murray's theory of psychological needs and their influence on personality. It provides an overview of Murray's conceptualization of needs as unconscious forces that organize perception and behavior. Murray identified 27 psychogenic needs such as achievement, affiliation, aggression, and dominance. The document lists these needs and notes that while some are temporary, others are deeply ingrained. It also discusses Murray's view that needs function unconsciously but significantly influence personality.

1. Need
•A need is a construct (a
convenient or hypothetical
concept) which stands free for
a force…. In the brain region, a
force
which
organizes
perception, apperception, intel
lection, conation and action in
such a way as to transform in a
certain
direction
existing,
unsatisfying
situation.

2. Basis for Distinguishing between
types of needs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary and Secondary Need
Overt and Covert Needs
Focal and Diffuse Needs
Proactive and Reactive Needs
Process activity, modal needs and effect needs

3. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
1. Abasement
To surrender and accept punishment

4. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
2. Achievement
To overcome obstacles and succeed

5. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
3. Acquisition
To obtain possessions

6. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
4. Affiliation
To make associations and friendships

7. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
5. Aggression
To injure others

8. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
6. Autonomy
To resist others and stand strong

9. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
7. Blameavoidance
To avoid blame and obey the rules

10. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
8. Construction
To build or create

11. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
9. Contrariance
To be unique

12. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
10. Counteraction
To defend honor

13. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
11. Defendance
To justify actions

14. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
12. Deference
To follow a superior, to serve

15. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
13. Dominance
To control and lead others

16. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
14. Exhibition
To attract attention

17. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
15. Exposition
To provide information, educate

18. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
16. Harmavoidance
To avoid pain

19. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
17. Infavoidance
To avoid failure, shame, or to conceal a weakness

20. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
18. Nurturance
To protect the helpless

21. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
19. Order
To arrange, organize, and be precise

22. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
20. Play
To relieve tension, have fun, or relax

23. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
20. Recognition
To gain approval and social status

24. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
22. Rejection
To exclude another

25. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
23. Sentience
To enjoy sensuous impressions

26. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
24. Sex
To form and enjoy an erotic relationship

27. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
25. Similance
To empathize

28. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
26. Succorance
To seek protection or sympathy

29. Murray's Psychogenic Needs
27. Understanding
To analyze and experience , to seek knowledge

30. Theories of
personality based
upon needs and
motives suggest that
our personalities are
a reflection of
behaviors controlled
by needs.

31. While some needs
are temporary and
changing, other needs
are more deeply
seated in our nature.
According to
Murray, these
psychogenic needs
function mostly on the
unconscious level, but
play a major role in our
personality.

32. Interrelation of Needs
Prepotency
Conflict
Fusion of needs
Concept
of
Subsidation

33. Henry Murray and Psychological
Needs
Murray from a Psychoanalytic Perspective
Murray used the term personology to describe
his study of human lives and individual
differences in personality
Murray described a habit system as automatic,
unconscious behaviors shaped by the id, ego,
and superego
Murray emphasized positive instincts related to
motivation and needs

34. American psychologist
developed a theory of personality that
was organized in terms of motives,
presses, and needs.
Murray described a needs as a,
"potentiality or readiness to respond in a
certain way under certain given
circumstances"
(1938).