This document discusses personality and several personality theories and models. It defines personality as the sum of ways an individual reacts and interacts with others. Several personality traits are listed, as well as determinants of personality like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which classifies people into 16 types based on characteristics like introversion/extroversion. The Big Five model identifies five dimensions of personality: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Emotional Stability. Finally, attributes like locus of control, risk-taking, self-esteem, and Type A/B personalities that influence organizational behavior are explained.

1. Personality
MS. PREETI BHASKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL ,
DEHRADUN

2. ContentContent
• Meaning of Personality
• Personality Determinants
• Personality Traits
• The big five model

3. PersonalityPersonality
The sum total of ways in which an individual
reacts and interacts with others.
Macionis define as “It is the constant pattern of
thinking, feeling and acting.”

4. Personality TraitsPersonality Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s
behavior.
1. Reserved vs. Outgoing.
2. Less intelligent vs. More intelligent.
3. Affected by feelings vs. emotionally stable.
4. Submissive vs. Dominant.
5. Serious vs. happy go lucky.
6. Trusting vs. suspicious.
7. Practical vs. imagination.
8. Tough minded vs. sensitive.
9. Conservative vs. experimenting.
10. Group-dependent vs. self-sufficient.
11. Relaxed vs. tense.
12. Uncontrolled vs. controlled.

7. Personality DeterminantsPersonality Determinants

8. Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorMyers-Briggs Type Indicator
A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
Personality Types
•Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
•Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
•Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
•Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

11. Suggested Careers for Myers-Briggs Type
MBTI Personality Test
https://d3jc3ahdjad7x7.cloudfront.net/sp
okaLTFBEADL9JnMd7njgJd96nyp7YNgI
CG2tlJWifcI7GP.pdf
https://www.iccb.org/iccb/wp-
content/pdfs/adulted/tdl_bridge_curric
ulum/tdl_career_awareness/tdl_career
_aware_resource_file/Suggested_Care
ers_for_MBTI.pdf

12. Big Five Model ofBig Five Model of
Personality DimensionsPersonality Dimensions
Extroversion
Sociable, gregarious, and assertive
Agreeableness
Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness
Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
Openness to Experience
Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and
intellectualism.
Emotional Stability
Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous,
depressed, and insecure (negative).

13. Major PersonalityMajor Personality
Attributes Influencing OBAttributes Influencing OB
• Locus of control
• Machiavellianism
• Self-esteem
• Self-monitoring
• Risk taking
• Type A personality

14. Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they are
masters of their own fate.
Internals
Individuals who believe
that they control what
happens to them.
Externals
Individuals who
believe that what
happens to them is
controlled by outside
forces such as luck or
chance.
Machiavellianism
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,
maintains emotional distance, and believes
that ends can justify means.

15. Risk-TakingRisk-Taking
• High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quicker decisions
– Use less information to make decisions
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations
• Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions
– Require more information before making decisions
– Exist in larger organizations with stable
environments
• Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

16. Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking
themselves.
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an
individuals ability to adjust his or her
behavior to external, situational factors.

17. Personality TypesPersonality Types
Type A’s
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take
place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they
acquire.
Type B’s
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their
achievements or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt.