This document provides an overview of permutations including definitions, examples of calculating permutations using factorials and the nPr notation, and applications of permutations such as arranging objects, selecting a subset of objects, and circular arrangements. It discusses permutations of n objects, distinguishable permutations, and permutations of n objects taken r at a time. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating permutations in different scenarios as well as applications and non-applications of permutations.
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What are permutations? where is it used?
This video/presentation introduces permutations and how to calculate it. It shows how permutations can be evaluated when the objects are arranged together or separately. It also explains permutations with or without repetition.
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https://www.mathmadeeasy.co/lessons
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2. Note
Please prepare your scientific
calculator as it will be used in
our online discussion later.
3. PERMUTATION
An arrangement of objects in a definite
order or the ordered arrangement of
distinguishable objects without allowing
repetitions among the objects.
4. Preliminary Task
Using your scientific calculator, find the
value of the following:
1. 4! 24
2. 3!5! 720
3.
7!
5!
42
4.
8!
2!4!
840
5.
7!
3!4!
∙
5!
2!
2 100
5. What is meant by 𝑛! (𝑛 factorial)
𝑛! = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3) …
Example:
4! = 4 3 2 1
4! = 24
6. Types of Permutation
1. Permutation of 𝑛 objects
2. Distinguishable Permutation
3. Permutation of 𝑛 objects taken 𝑟 at a time
4. Circular Permutation
7. Permutation of 𝑛 objects
𝒏𝑷𝒏 = 𝒏!
(The permutation of 𝑛 objects is
equal to 𝑛 factorial)
9. How many arrangements are there?
2. Arranging 4 persons in a row for a picture taking
𝟒! = 𝟐𝟒
3. Arranging 5 different figurines in a shelf
𝟓! = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
4. Arranging 6 different potted plants in a row
𝟔! = 𝟕𝟐𝟎
5. Arranging the digits of the number 123456789
𝟗! = 𝟑𝟔𝟐 𝟖𝟖𝟎
6. Arranging the letters of the word CHAIRWOMEN
𝟏𝟎! = 𝟑 𝟔𝟐𝟖 𝟖𝟎𝟎
11. How many arrangements are there?
1. Arranging the digits in the number 09778210229
𝑃 =
11!
2! 2! 2! 3!
= 831 600
2. Drawing one by one and arranging in a row 4
identical blue, 5 identical yellow, and 3 identical
red balls in a bag
𝑃 =
12!
3! 4! 5!
= 27 720
12. How many arrangements are there?
3. Arranging the letters in the word LOLLIPOP
𝑃 =
8!
3! 2! 2!
= 1680
4. Arranging these canned goods
𝑃 =
10!
3! 4!
= 25 200
13. Permutation of 𝑛 objects taken 𝑟
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
Permutation of 𝑛 taken 𝑟 at a time where
𝑛 ≥ 𝑟
14. How many arrangements are there?
1. Choosing 3 posters to hang on a wall from 5 posters
you are keeping
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
𝟓𝑷𝟑 =
𝟓!
𝟓−𝟑 !
𝟓𝑷𝟑 =
𝟓!
𝟐!
𝟓𝑷𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎
Notation: 5P3 / P(5,3) Calculator: 5 shift 𝒏𝑷𝒓 3 =
15. How many arrangements are there?
2. Taking two-letter word, without repetition of letters,
from the letters of the word COVID
Examples: CO, OC, VD, …
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
𝟓𝑷𝟐 =
𝟓!
𝟓−𝟐 !
𝟓𝑷𝟐 =
𝟓!
𝟑!
𝟓𝑷𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎
Notation: 5P2 / P(5,2) Calculator: 5 shift 𝒏𝑷𝒓 2 =
16. How many arrangements are there?
3. Taking four-digit numbers, without repetition of
digits, from the number 345678
Examples: 3456, 6534, 6745, …
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
𝟔𝑷𝟒 =
𝟔!
𝟔−𝟒 !
𝟔𝑷𝟒 =
𝟔!
𝟐!
𝟔𝑷𝟒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
Notation: 6P4 / P(6,4) Calculator: 6 shift 𝒏𝑷𝒓 4 =
17. How many arrangements are there?
4. Pirena, Amihan, Alena, and Danaya competing for 1st,
2nd, and 3rd places in spoken poetry
Example: Danaya–1st, Alena–2nd, Amihan–3rd
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
𝟒𝑷𝟑 =
𝟒!
𝟒−𝟑 !
𝟒𝑷𝟑 =
𝟒!
𝟏!
𝟒𝑷𝟑 = 𝟐𝟒
Notation: 4P3 / P(4,3) Calculator: 4 shift 𝒏𝑷𝒓 3 =
18. How many arrangements are there?
5. Electing Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary,
Treasurer, Auditor, PRO, and Peace Officer from a
group of 20 people
𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
𝒏!
𝒏−𝒓 !
𝟐𝟎𝑷𝟕 =
𝟐𝟎!
𝟐𝟎−𝟕 !
𝟐𝟎𝑷𝟕 =
𝟐𝟎!
𝟏𝟑!
𝟐𝟎𝑷𝟕 = 𝟑𝟗𝟎 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟎𝟎
Notation: 20P7 / P(20,7) Calculator: 20 shift 𝒏𝑷𝒓 7 =
20. How many arrangements are there?
How many ways can 5 people sit around a circular
table?
𝑃 = (5 − 1)!
𝑃 = 4!
𝑃 = 24
21.
22. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
1. There are 3 different History books, 4 different
English books, and 8 different Science books. In how
many ways can the books be arranged if books of the
same subjects must be placed together?
𝑃 = 3! 4! 8! 3!
𝑃 = 34 836 480
23. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
2. Three couples want to have their pictures taken. In how
many ways can they arrange themselves in a row if
couples must stay together?
𝑃 = 3! 2!
𝑃 = 12
24. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
3. In how many ways can 8 people arrange themselves in
a row if 3 of them insist to stay together?
𝑃 = 6! 3!
𝑃 = 4 320
25. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
4. In how many ways can the letters of the word
ALGORITHM be arranged if the vowel letters are
placed together?
Example: AOILGRTHM
𝑃 = 7! 3!
𝑃 = 30 240
26. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
5. In how many ways can the letters of the word
TIKTOKERIST be arranged if the consonant letters
are placed together?
Example: TKTKRSTIOEI
𝑃 =
5!
2!
∙
7!
2! 3!
𝑃 = 25 200
27. Other Problems Involving Permutations:
6. In how many ways can 7 people be seated around a
circular table if 3 of them insist on sitting beside each
other?
𝑃 = 5 − 1 ! ∙ 3!
𝑃 = 144
28.
29. Applications of Permutations
1. Using passwords
022988, 228890
2. Using PIN of ATM cards
1357, 3715
3. Winning in a contest
Erika – 1st, Carrie – 2nd, Agatha – 3rd
Agatha – 1st, Erika – 2nd, Carrie – 3rd
30. Applications of Permutations
4. Electing officers in an organization
Gerald – President, Julia – VP, Bea – Secretary
Bea – President, Gerald – VP, Julia – Secretary
5. Assigning of telephone/mobile numbers
09778210229, 09228210779
6. Assigning plate numbers of vehicles
ABY 8512, BAY 1258
31.
32. NOT Applications of Permutations
1. Selecting numbers in a lottery
6-12-25-32-34-41, 34-25-41-6-32-12
2. Selecting fruits for salad
apple, pineapple, grapes, papaya, pears
papaya, pears, apple, pineapple, grapes
3. Choosing members of a committee
Marissa, Ellice, Gabriel, Lucinda
Lucinda, Gabriel, Ellice, Marissa
33. NOT Applications of Permutations
4. Using points on a plane to form a
polygon (no three points are collinear)
.
.
.
.
.
. .
B
A
C
D
E
G
F