The document summarizes the organization and evolution of urban space from ancient times to the present. It discusses the pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial city models. It then covers topics like globalization and urban space, social and territorial inequalities in cities, the urban landscape in the world today, and new urban spaces like technology parks and shopping centers. Environmental problems in cities are also addressed, such as lack of vegetation, water scarcity and pollution, high air contamination, and noise pollution that comes with consumer lifestyles.

1. Unit 14
The organization of urban space
Tania Hidalgo Reyes
Maria Bonilla Lorente
Anna Garcia Rasero

2. The process of urbanization.
The phenomenon of urbanization is due to the growth of
cities, both because it has increased the number of inhabitants and
the new economic activities conducted there.
The growth of the town and surrounding areas has been alternating
with the morphology over time, so that in the historical evolution of
European cities recognize three stages:
 The pre-industrial city
The industrial city
post-industrial city

3. THE OLD CITY: GREECE AND ROME
Characteristics of the first Greek cities:
They haven’t a regular layout, and the streets were
narrow and winding.
Later on it was used a layout of streets cutting off
perpendicularly, with spaces and public buildings
(Agora)
Characteristics of Roman cities:
They had a regular form, with two principals streets.
They had water pipes, bridges, buildings for
shows, roads…
Theatre
Commercial
port
Acropolis
Agora
Homes
Agora
Homes

4. THE CITY IN THE MIDDLE AGES
The cities in the middle ages were step up as centers
economics. Was a safe place for people, because
protect the walls from the outside in case of attack.
Characteristics:
The streets were narrow and winding.
They formed authentic mazes.
In the centers there used to be a place voted
importance of buildings.
CITIES IN THE MODERN AGE
The cities in the modern age changed a lot of. The
old outside city was incorporated at the cities, and
outside the wall, without throw out them, they was
building news districts. The cities was incorporated
squares, gardens, monumental fountain and sewage
system and they was pave the streets.
medieval
wall
extramural

5. The industrial cities
•The industrial cities appear with the industrial revolution.
•The installation of factory and railway did grow the
workforce and the number of inhabitants.
•The workes lived in wet habitatges with bad sanitary
conditions.
•The news means of transport modified the stretches of roads
and helped in the connection between the diferents areas and
nearby villages.

6. THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY
 The postindustrial city arises from the seventies
of the century XX, especially in developed
countries.
The center loses residential functions and tends
to greater specialization in tertiary activities.
 The trend towards more flexible production
process has enabled the factories move some to
other areas.
 Ease of transport and communications allows
the movement of the population to ever more
distant areas, as what matters is the availability
(time) not distance.

7. Program 1
1.1-Globalization and urban space.
• Since the late 20th century, the globalitzation the economy has
transformed the urban space and has favored the emergence of
new types of cities: global cities for example: New York.
Aleix Gallego
Antonio Caballero
David Barrera

8. 1.2 Transformations in large cities.
• To adapt to the new global functions, large cities have
experienced significant socio-economic changes. As a result of
this increase in building large cities have experienced strong
prices rose land and buildings.

9. 1.3 Urban networks
• Populations are not isolated only means interconnected through
trade.
• These trade flows or linking cities and urban networks are.

10. Program 2:
Territorial and social inequalities
Daniel Lopez
Judith Blanch
Amanda Medina
Paula Vizcarra

11. 2.1 Social and territorial differences
• The Globalization is not just economic or financial, is a
process that also includes social, cultural, occupational, and
environmental. Number of advantages, accentuating poverty
and social inequalities.
• The phenomen on of globalization favors a few other cities
on favors industrial zones.
• The urban housings are distributed in the territory according
to the purchasing power of the population who lives every
place.

12. 2.2 New areas for a rich people
• People with a lot of money, want privileged areas of the city
with comfortably and luxuriously homes.
• This emerging private estates, gardens, green
areas, restricted access to residents, golf courses, etc ...

13. 2.3 Marginal areas
• In the prefer of the cities form the developing countries, and
a many cities in developed countries, there are areas of
settlement precarious.
• In these areas, there is a part of the population who lives
badly with a minimal conditions and, illegally.

14. 2.3 The central city
• Recover parts of the historic center through the transformation of some
buildings in luxury hotels and restaurants or design shops. This process is
known as gentrification.
• New exclusive services influence a rise of land prices, and attract residents
with a high standard of living.
• The usual residents tend to leave these areas of the city and seek
economically affordable neighborhoods.
• There are neighborhoods that are deteriorating from the center to the lack
of investment in infrastructure and the part of the public or the private
sector.
• The town has few resources remains in these degraded areas of the city
center.

15. Program 3
The urban landscape in the world today
Yasmina Vazquez
Aida Ibañez

16. 3.1 A world of cities
• During the last decades the urban population now exceeds the
population rural. The characteristics of this improvement are:
* Big cities the millions of people.
* Cities have a high technology but with environmental problems.
* Cities compete worldwide
* Multicultural cities.

17. 3.2 Cities in developed countries
• Cities in developed countries have experienced a loss of density,
because the population moved to live outside the city or medium-
sized cities. So there has been a remarkable growth of metropolitan
areas.
• Compact city has spent a continuous urban area where it is very
difficult to determine where it begins and ends in the city.

18. 3.3 Cities in developing countries
• Largest cities are called the third world megacities and megalopolises.
• What are large urban concentrations exceding ten million inhabitants.
• The urban conurbations play a dominant role
• Examples of the megacity have in Rio de Janeiro and developed
countries there are in Tokyo or Yokohama-Boston-Washington.

19. 4
THE DIFFUSE CITY
Oscar osá Edjang
Erich Gárate

20. • The boundaries between the rural and the urban:
• In metropolitan areas , the boundary between
the city and countryside is not a line defined. City moves on the
countryside and this created an area were mixed it has activities mixed
urban and rural. It’s a very dynamic and changind, we can call in severals
ways:
Diffuse city
Peri-urban area
Strip rururbano

21. Uses and functions to urban sprawl:
• The activities in the territory of the urban sprawl organized
according to the needs of the metropolis could hardly be placed into
the strict city:
Urbanization, industrial parks, sports facilities and urban farmland
recipients market etc ...
• It’s a kind of diffusions of the functions and
activities of the tradicional city, but developed a more extensive and
variebles limits, which for this reason is called urban sprawl.

22. Causes of diffuse city
• Causes of diffuse city:
The growth of diffuse city is mainly due to higher pre-ground from the
big city and it is possible, in large part thanks to the development of
private transport (cars, trucks, etc.) and the increase in road
infrastructure (roads, etc.) to facilitate bringing some rural areas in
the city.

23. Impact of urban sprawl
If not carried out a proper planning, the repercussion of the growth model
of urban sprawl can be very negative for these reasons:
• Very high consumptions of the sun
• Services increased
• Constant mobility
• Development of a more individualistic social model

24. Model of diffuse city: metropolitanic area
of Barcelona

25. 5. The new urban spaces
Andrea Barril
Andrea Iglesias
Nerea Navarro
Andrea Ponce
Nerea Navarro
Andrea Ponce
Andrea Barril
Andrea Iglesias

26. 5.1 The new spaces
The city has organized a diffuse redistribution for space. This has meant that
industrial activities have been away from the city, while the emergence of new
economic activities has created new land intended for the installation of
technology parks and major shopping areas.

27. 5.3 The functions of the central town
or big city
The relocation of industries in the city was assumed that large cities would
lose economic importance. But that has not happened. Big cities are the
place chosen by the multinationals.
This situation changes in the use of the city.

28. 5.4 Technology parks
The location of high-tech industries has driven sites innovació the existence
of the so-called technological parks. Work in close collaboration with
universities, research centers and other institutions of higher education.
It is located near the cities.

29. 5.5 Shopping centers
These large consumption centers are also spaces of sociability and ralació
interpersonal.
Their characteristics:
• indoors
• controlled areas
• safe spaces
• (Miami)

30. THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS IN CITIES
JORDI RUBIO SALVADOR
3r I

31. URBAN AREA
- Alters the natural
- Constructs a humanized landscape
- Operation and modification of resources

32. LACK OF VEGETATION
• Lack of vegetation:
- deforestation
- Lack of grenery.
• EFECTS
- Reduction of water from rivers and wells
- Climate change

33. SCARCITY AND WATER POLLUTION
• Scarcity and water pollution:
- ¼ people affected by the shortage
- Developed countries consume too much water
- Contamination of groundwater due to lack of separation between
the potable water networks and sewage pipes
• Efects: infectious diseases (hepatitis)

34. 6- THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
OF CITIES
• Fiorella Villanueva Gárate
• Mireia Florejachs Costa
• Laia Agudo Utrero

35. HIGH CONTAMINATION
• In the cities there are other sources of contamination very difficult
to control and cause a considerable air pollution, such as sulfur
dioxide and carbon monoxide, smoke from vehicles and factories.
• The urban population also has to bear the noise pollution, noise
from vehicles, industries of public works and neighbors and citizens
who behave antisocial.

36. A CONSUMER SOCIETY
• The big consumption that exist in cities cause a great accumulation
of solid waste which are difficult to collect, classify, recycle or
eliminate.
• The hygienic and health problems more serious happen in cities less
developed by budget or by infrastructure, are frequent landfills
outdoors

37. A CONSUMER SOCIETY (part 2)
• The consequences of that there are dumps:
odors, the danger of contamination of groundwater and the
proliferation of rodents, animals that have many diseases which are
transmitted to the population.
Currently the "modern city" does a great consumption of non-
renewable energy (oil, natural gas ..).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEyjWTJX4UA