The document discusses six basic principles of landscape design: unity, variety, balance, sequence, simplicity, and proportions. It provides descriptions and examples for each principle. Variety is achieved through lines, forms, textures and colors to prevent monotony. Balance can be symmetrical, with matching elements on both sides, or asymmetrical without exact matches. Simplicity involves reducing nonessential features to avoid chaos. Proportions refer to the size of elements relative to each other. The document also discusses key elements of landscape design like color, form, line of sight, scale, texture, and the roles of water and rock in landscapes.

1. SUBMITTED BY
NAME= NEERU
B.ARCH-4TH = SEM, 2ND YEAR
FROM= R.T.I.A.DESIGN

2. SIX BASIC
PRINCIPLES
OF
LANDSCAPE
DESIGN

3. UNITY
CREATION OF UNITY
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4. VAREITY
• VAREITY ADDS SPICES AND INTEREST IN LANDSCAPE FROM
THE HELPS OF-
LINES
FORMS
TEXTURES
COLORS
• VAREITY IS DIVERSITY AND CONTRAST IN FORM, TEXTURE
AND COLORS PREVENTING MONOTONY.
• IT HAS OFTENTIMES BEEN SAID THAT ‘VARIETY’ IS “THE SPICE
OF LIFE”
• IT IS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AN SIGNIFICANT
INTEREST IN LANDSCAPE
• FOR VARIETY, FILL IN WITH OTHER LANDSCAPE MATERIAL.
• TOO MUCH VAREITY CREATES CONFUSION BUT THE LACK OF
VARIETY IS BORING
• WITHOUT VAREITY IN BOTH THE USE OF HARD AND SOFT
LANDSACPE MATERIAL, THIS CAN BE LEAD TO UNFAOURABLE
RESULTS.
USING VARIETY OF
FLOWER AND
SHRUBS TO
CREATE THE LINE
OF SIGHT
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5. BALANCE
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BALANCE SPACES

6. SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
• SYMMETRICAL BALANCE IS WHERE THERE ARE MORE OR
LESS EQUALLY SPACED MATHCHING ELEMENTS OF IN
GARDENS DESIGNS LKE MIRROR IMAGE.
• FORMAL BALNCE- REPEATS THE SAME LEFT AND RIGHT,
GIVING STABILITY AND DIGNITY.
• IT IS NEED HIGH MAINTAINANCE KEEP BOTH SIDE SIMILAR.
• SYMMTRICAL BALANCE CAN BE BORING .
• DISTRIBUTION OF VISUAL WEIGHT EQUALLY.
• EYE FELLS THE SENSE OF UNITY OR THE EYE MOVEMENT
INDICATOR.
CENTRAL AXIS
SHOWN BOTH
SIDE EGUAL
BALANCE
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7. ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
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CENTRAL AXIS
SHOWING
ASSYMETRICAL
BALANCE IN THE
IMAGES

8. SEQUENCE
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SEQUENCE OF TREES,GRASS AND SHRUBS

9. SIMPLECITY
• ACHIEVED BY THE REPETITION OF IDEAS OR MATERIAL.
• SIMPLICITY IS THE CONCEPTS OF REDUCING OR
ELIMINATNG NONESSENTIALS FEATURES TO AVOID A
CHAOTIC LOOK.
• REDUCE THE DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF THEMES
• THE REDUCTION OF A DESIGN TO ITS SIMPLEST,
FUCTIONAL FORM WHICH AVOIDS UNNESSARY COST AND
MAINTAINANCE.
• LESS CAN BE MORE
• SIMPLECITY IN THE LIMITATION OF CHANGES
• ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PROBLEM IN LANDSCAPE IS
TRYING TO DO “TOO MUCH”
• SIMPLICITY IS THE ESSENTIAL FOR THE LANDSCAPE
DESIGN.
• PLANTS AND THE OTHER MATERIALS OF DESIGNING IN
LANDSACPE COMPONENTS IN TO A SIMPLE, UNIFIED
SCHEME IS ALWAYS AN EXISTING CHALLENGES
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SIMPLICITY
SHOWN IN
IMAGES FROM
THE
REPETITION
OF
LANDSCAPE
ELEMENTS

10. PROPORTIONS
• SIMPLY REFERS TO THE SIZE OF ELEMENTS IN RELATION TO EACH
OTHER THAT IS “SCALE”.
• RELATIVE PROPORTION IS THE SIZE OF AN OBJECT IN RELATION TO
OTHER OBJECTS. AN IMPORTANT ABSOLUTE SCALE IN DESIGN IS
THE HUMAN SCALE.
• A FEELING OF BALANCE CAN ALSO BE ACHIEVED BY HAVING EQUAL
PROPORTIONS OF OPEN SPACE AND PLANTED
• PROPORTION IS THE SENSE OR REQUIREMENT THAT THE SIZE OF
THE INDIVISUAL COMPONENTS OR GROUPS OF COMPONENTS IN A
LANDSCAPE FIT INTO THE WHOLE LANDSCAPE.
• PROPORTION IS THE RELATIONSHIP WITH WIDTH OR LANGTH OF
AN AREA TO THE RELATIONSHIP TO PARTS OF AN ORGANISATION.
• SPECIAL CONSIDERATION AND STUDY SHOULD BE GIVEN TO
PROPER PLANT SELECTION TO AVOID USING PLANTS THAT ARE OUT
OF PROPORTION.
• SCALE USUALLY BEARS REFRENCES OF SIZE OF A THING OR OBJECT
THAT APPEARS TO HAVE A PLEASING RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
THINGS OR TO THE DESIGN AS A WHOLE.
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PROPORTIONS IS RELATES FROM THE HUMANN
DIMENSIONS

11. ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
1. COLOUR
2. FORM
3. LINE OF SIGHT
4. SCALE OR BALANCE
5. TEXTURE
• The 5 basic
elements of
landscape
design are:

12. COLOR WHEEL
Color theory is often used in
landscape design by dividing
the color spectrum into 4
categories:
1. Primary: reds, yellows and
blues.
2. Secondary: greens, violets
(purples) and oranges.
3. Tertiary: Mixtures of the
primary and secondary
categories.
• Neutral: White, grays and
silvers.
ALL THE IMAGES FOLLOWS THE PRINCIPLE OF
LANDSCAPING LIKE UNITY VAREITY, ETC

13. FORM
• In landscape design terminology, form is the shape
of a plant.
• Upright
• oval
• Columnar
• spreading
• broad spreading
• Weeping
• Tall plants create a vertical look, drawing the
eye upward
• Low spreading plants draw the eye to the
horizon.
• Use individual specimen plants to break
monotony and create interest.
• A mixture of a variety of form becomes
confusing

14. LINE OF SIGHT
• The line of sight is the viewer's eye movement or
flow being influenced by the arrangement of plants
and their borders.
• Eye movement is unconsciously affected by the way
plant groupings fit or flow together, both on the
horizontal and vertical planes.
• Hedges or rows of plants direct the attention to a
focal point or specific. Area.
• Meandering lines or curves slow movement and
create a natural, undisturbed feeling.

15. SCALE AND BALANCE
• The visual relationship of the Landscape components,
relative to size.
• Equal sizes on both sides of the landscape gives
balance
• Symmetrical – the repeating of the elements on either
side of an axis(an imaginary central line)
• Asymmetrical – equal size or weight on both sides of
the axis, without repeating specific elements

16. TEXTURE
• Texture is the touch or visual surface quality of an
object, or plant
• The texture of a plant's foliage or bloom can be
viewed as coarse, medium or fine.

17. WATER
• WATER HAS BEEN USED BY LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTS AS A KEY AESTHETIC FACTOR.
• IT WAS IMPLEMENTED FOR BREAKING THE
MONOTONY CAUSED BY THE SOLID MATERIALS
USED BY ARCHITECTS OR ARTISTS
INTRODUCTION
• WATER IS AN IMPORTANT DESIGN ELEMENT.
• LIKE PLANTS, WATER HAS QUALITIES THAT
CHANGE OVER TIME AND IN DIFFERENT LIGHT
AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
• ITS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A WIDE VARIETY OF
EFFECTS, FROM THAT OF A STILL POND, TO THE
EXCITEMENT OF A GREAT CASCADE. ROLE OF WATER IN LANDSCAPE AESTHETICS
WATER RELATED LANDSCAPE VALUES
1. SOUND OF WATER OR WATER BIRDS
2. MOVEMENT OF RIVERS, WATERFALLS OR WAVES
3. COLOURS OF WATER AND COASTS
4. REFLECTIONS ON WATER SURFACE
5. POSSIBILITY OF EXPANDING BIOTOPES OF CERTAIN SPECIES.
6. WATER CREATES A SCULPTURING EFFECT.

18. ROCK
• “Rock” Could Be boulders, cobbles, Stone
And Gravel As paving, or Building Walls
As Groundcovers And surfacing.
Can Be Used In Its Natural State Or As
Cut stone, Sawed Stone Or Polished
stone.
It Is More Expensive Than Most artificial
Materials But It Is Very durable, With
Interest texture.
GRANITE PAVERS
FLAG STONE
PABBLES
GRAVELS IN SEVERAL
COLORS