The Pelton wheel turbine uses high-pressure jets of water to drive a runner connected to a shaft. It consists of a casing, penstock, nozzles, spearhead nozzles, runner with buckets, and a shaft. Water passes through the penstock and is accelerated through spearhead nozzles, splitting into jets that strike the buckets and spin the runner, converting the kinetic energy of water to rotational motion of the shaft. A governing mechanism controls the spearhead position to regulate water flow based on power demand. The Pelton wheel is well-suited for power generation applications where high-head water is available.

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2. Pelton Wheel Turbine
Parts and working mechanism
Assigned By
Mr. Shafquat Mehboob
Presented by
M. Adnan (+923013693343)
F.M. II (6th semester)
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3. Turbine
A machine which produce continuous power by rotation.
Turbine
Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine
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4. Pelton Wheel Turbine
• Leston A pelton
• Impulse Turbine
• High Head
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5. Components
The Main Components Of Pelton Wheel Turbine are:-
1. Casing:-
• Provided to avoid accidents and splashing of water
• It has no hydraulic function
• Minimize the wind losses
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6. Components
2. Penstock:-
• A penstock is a gate or intake structure that controls water flow
3. Nozzle:-
• Nozzle of a pelton wheel is a circular guide mechanism which guides the water to
flow at the desired directions.
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7. Components
4. Spear Head Nozzle:-
• A conical or spear needle operates inside the nozzle in axial direction. The main
purpose of the nozzle is to regulate the flow of water through nozzle.
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8. Components
5. Runner:-
• Runner of a pelton wheel consists of circulating disc fixed with horizontal shaft.
On the periphery of the runner, a number of buckets are fixed at a uniform
distance.
6. Buckets:-
• Bucket is a hemispherical cup or bowl with a divider in the middle. This divider is
known as splitter. It split the water jet in two equal parts. The surface of the
bucket is made very smooth.
7. Shaft:-
• It is horizontal and connected normally to the runner which produced mechanical
energy when jet of water impact on runner.
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9. Components
8. Braking Jet:-
• It acts as a brake for reducing the speed of the runner.
• To bring the runner to rest in short time, a small nozzle is provided in such a way
that it will direct the jet of water on the back of buckets.
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10. Components
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11. Working Principle
Impulse momentum law
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12. Working Mechanism
• The high speed water jets emerging form the nozzles strike the buckets at
splitters, placed at the middle of a bucket.
• From where jets are divided into two equal streams.
• These stream flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave it in the
direction opposite to that of incoming jet.
• So these streams rotate the runner due to this shaft also rotates and it will
produce electricity
• The high speed water jets running the Pelton Wheel Turbine are obtained by
expanding the high pressure water through nozzles.
• The high pressure water can be obtained from any water body situated at some
height or streams of water flowing down the hills.
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13. Working Mechanism
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14. Governing Mechanism
• Demand of power may fluctuate over time. A governing mechanism
which controls position of the spear head meets this requirement.
• With lowering power demand the spear head at water inlet nozzle is
moved in. So that water flow rate is reduced.
• If power demand increases spear head is moved out this will increase
the flow rate.
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15. Application
• It could also be used to measure the speed of a fluid, if connected to a dynamo
meter, the speed of flow could be read via voltage.
• Power Generation.
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