This project document describes the design, installation, and testing of a reciprocating pump. A team of engineering students constructed a demonstration pump facility under the guidance of Dr. Manoj Kumar Barai. The document outlines the objectives, classification, construction details, drawings, working principle, performance parameters, material selection, maintenance requirements, installation process, discharge calculations, characteristics, efficiencies, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of reciprocating pumps. References are provided at the end.

1. PROJECT PPT
ON
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND FABRICATION OF
RECIPROCATING PUMP
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
DR. MANOJ KUMAR BARAI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT,
KOLKATA-700150, INDIA 1

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are highly grateful to the authorities of FUTURE INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA for providing this
opportunity
to carry out the project work.
We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude & thank profusely
to our thesis
guide Dr. Manoj kumar Barai for his sincere & invaluable guidance,
suggestions &
attitude which inspired us to submit project report in the present
form..
We are also thankful to other faculty members of Mechanical
department, FIEM,
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3. TEAM MEMBERS
• SOURAV JANA
• JAMES BABY
• KRISHNENDU PRAMANIK
• MD SHABBIR
• SUPRIYA GHOSAL
• ANIRBAN BISWAS
• KUNAL ADHIKARI
• ARNAB DEB
• SANJU KUMAR SANJAY
• PRAMOD SINGH
• SANDEEP KUMAR
• ARNAB MAITRA
• RAHUL KUMAR
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4. OBJECTIVES
Construct a demonstration facility consisting reciprocating pump.
Install & test the performance of pump.
Facilitate civilians by providing water for various purposes.
To socialize the technology.
Theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.
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5. CLASSIFICATION
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6. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
 Piston or plunger
Crank and Connecting rod
Suction pipe
Delivery pipe
Suction and Delivery valve
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7. DETAILED DRAWING
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8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
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9. PERFORMANCE
MAJOR TERMS
Brake Horsepower(BHP)
Capacity(Q)
Pressure(Pd)
Mechanical efficiency(Em)
Displacement(D)
Slip(s)
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10. MINOR TERMS
Valve Loss(VL)
Speed(n)
Pulsations
Net Positive Suction Head Required(NPSHR)
Net Positive Suction Head Available(NPSHA)
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11. SELECTION CRITERIA OF PUMP
List the important considerations in the selection of a pump for any given application
Flow rate requirement
Operating speed of pump
Pressure rating
Performance/application
Reliability
Cost
Noise level of the pump
Oil compatibility
Type of pump control
Pump contamination tolerance
Availability of pump and parts
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12. DESIGNING OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
SPEED OF THE MOTOR= 1800 RPM
DIA OF MOTOR’S PINION= 5CM
DIA OF GEAR= 18CM
NOW, THE REDUCED SPEED OF GEAR= 500 RPM
CRANK’S DIA =30CM
CONNECTING ROD’S LENGTH= 30CM
CYLINDER’S LENGTH= 40CM
INNER DIA OF CYLINDER=15CM
OUTER DIA OF CYLINDER=17CM
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13. LENGTH OF PISTON ROD= 50CM
DIA OF PISTON= 15CM
THICKNESS OF PISTON= 5 CM
WE KNOW THAT,
VELOCITY OF THE CRANK = VELOCITY OF PISTON
RECIPROCATING SPEED OF PISTON= 2*L* N=80N CM/S
VELOCITY OF CRANK=3.14*30*500/60=785.4CM/S
SO, 80N=785.4
=)N = 9.82=10
FLOWRATE =3.14*(15^2)/4*2*40*10 = 0.1413 CUM/S
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14. NET FLOW VELOCITY = 20 M/S
C.S AREA OF VALVES=Q/V=3.14*D^2/4
=)D =.095M=95MM
BY THIS WAY WE CAN,
GET THE VALUE OF DIA OF ONE WAY DIRECTIONAL VALVENO. OF ONE
WAY DIRECTIOINAL VALVE =4
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15. MATERIAL USED IN MAKING OF THE PUMP
 Piston Head: Generally made grey cast iron.
 Valves: They are also made of steel, but a little
improved form which has the stiffness and less wear
and tear. Brass can also be used.
 Piston pin: Usually made of Case Hardened steel alloy
containing nickel, chromium and molybdenum.
 Piston Rings: Made of grey cast iron or alloy cast iron
because of their good wearing properties.
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16. MAINTENANCES
• The piston rings which are used are always in direct contact with the liner
body and hence they wear a lot, so periodic replacement is necessary.
• The valves are important components and proper care should be taken as
there might be possibilities of leakage.
• The gland packing from where the shaft comes out of the cylinder has to be
taken care of in order to prevent leakage.
• In coupling or the cross head of the pump by which the piston gets the linear
motion will also have to be checked for misalignment and wear and tear.
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17. INSTALLATION
• reciprocating pump installation height and flow regulation reciprocating pump
starts without irrigation liquid, due to the reciprocating pump self-priming,
but the suction on the vacuum height in tandem with pump mounting area
atmospheric pressure, the nature and temperature of the liquid changes, the
reciprocating pump installation height, there are certain restrictions. The
reciprocating pump traffic of not use the valve of the discharge conduit to
adjust the bypass pipe should be used or a change in the reciprocation
frequency of the piston to change the stroke of the piston to achieve. before
the start of the reciprocating pump valve discharge pipe must be open.
reciprocating pump piston connected to the crankshaft by the connecting rod
and the prime mover. The prime mover electricity] machine, steam engine can
also be used. reciprocating pumps are suitable for high head, low flow, high
viscosity liquid transportation, but not suitable for transporting corrosive
liquids. Sometimes directly driven by a steam engine, the transportation of
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18. DISCHARGE OF PUMP PER SECOND:
THE DISCHARGE OF A DOUBLE ACTING RECIPROCATING PUMP/SECOND= VOLUME OF WATER DISCHARGE
IN ONE REVOLUTION * NO OF REVOLUTION PER SECOND
SO IT CAN BE WRITTEN AS= [ Π/4*D^2+Π/4(D^2-D^2)]*L*N/60
IF ‘D’ THE DIAMETER OF THE PISTON ROD IS VERY SMALL AS COMPARED TO THE DIA OF THE PISTON,
THEN IT CAN BE NEGLECTED AND DISCHARGE OF PUMP/SEC,
Q=2*Π/4*D^2*LN/60=(2ALN)/60 AS Π/4*D^2= CROSS SECTION AREA OF THE PISTON OF THE
CYLINDER.
N= R.P.M OF CRANK & L= LENGTH OF THE STROKE= 2*R
WORK DONE BY A DOUBLE ACTING RECIPROCATING PUMP:
WORK DONE PER SECOND= WEIGHT OF WATER DELIVERED* TOTAL HEIGHT= ΡG* DISCHARGE/SEC8TOTAL
HEIGHT
= ΡG*(2ALN)/60*(HS+HD)
= 2ΡG*(ALN/60)*(HS+HD)
POWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE DOUBLE-ACTING PUMP IN KW:
P=(WORK DONE PER SECOND)/1000
=2ΡG*ALN*(HS+HD)/60000 18

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
Slip of Reciprocating pump: Slip of a pump is defined as the difference between
the theoretical and actual discharge of the pump. The actual discharge of the
pump is less than the theoretical discharge due to leakage. The difference of
theoretical and actual discharge of the pump is known as SLIP of the pump.
Hence the mathematical expression is-
Slip=Qth-Qact
But slip is mostly expressed as percentage slip which is given by,
(1-Qact/Qth)*100= (1-Cd)*100
Where Cd=Co-efficient of discharge
Negative slip of the reciprocating pump: If the actual discharge is more than theoretical
discharge, the slip of the pump become negative. In that case slip of the pump is
known as Negative Slip.
Negative slip will occur when delivery pipe is short, suction pipe is long
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20. CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and
forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. Some positive
displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing
cavity on the discharge side.
In this curve we see the flow rate is almost constant in spite of pressure
difference, but in centrifugal pump the flow rate is changing due to pressure
difference. This is the advantage of reciprocating pump over centrifugal pump.
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21. PUMP EFFICIENCY
• The ratio of the power imparted on the
fluid by the pump in relation to the
power supplied to drive the pump.
• Volumetric efficiency :
(Discharge volume / Suction volume)-slip
Discharge Pressure
Ratio,r
C S
r = (VC+VS)/VS =1+(VC/VS)
Mechanical efficiency : loss occurs while overcoming
mechanical friction in bearing and speed reduction.
Speed of piston= (stroke)*(rpm)/(30000).
(mm)
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22. ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGES OF RECIPROCATING
PUMP
Advantages of Piston Pumps
• Reciprocating pumps will deliver fluid at high pressure (High Delivery Head).
• They are 'Self-priming' - No need to fill the cylinders before starting.
Disadvantages of Piston Pumps
• Reciprocating pumps give a pulsating flow.
• The suction stroke is difficult when pumping viscous liquids.
• The cost of producing piston pumps is high. This is due to the very accurate
sizes of the cylinders and pistons. Also, the gearing needed to convert the
rotation of the drive motor into a reciprocating action involves extra
equipment and cost.
• The close fitting moving parts cause maintenance problems, especially when
the pump is handling fluids containing suspended solids, as the particles
can get into the small clearances and cause severe wear. The piston pump
therefore, should not be used for slurries.
• They give low volume rates of flow compared to other types of pump.
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23. APPLICATIONS OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
• Oil & Gas Industries
• Power Plants
• Petrochemicals and Refineries
• Sugar Industries
• Soap and Detergent Industries
• Food and Beverage
• Water Treatment Plants
• Cryogenic Application
• Miscellaneous
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24. REFERENCES
www.scribd.com
Engineering_Design_Guideline__Pump_Rev3.pdf
Energy Conservation in Pumps.ppt
PUMPS - TYPES & OPERATION
Fluid mechanics & machinery Laboratory
Positive Displacement Pumps (Part One) Reciprocating Pumps
Reciprocating Pump files
Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines-by R K BANSAL 24

25. Thank you
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