The document discusses the hydraulic ram, which is a self-acting cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. It works on the principle of water hammer to lift a small quantity of water to a higher level using the force of a larger quantity of flowing water at a lower level, without any external power source. The hydraulic ram was invented in 1796 and has a simple design consisting mainly of a supply tank, supply pipe, valve chamber, waste valve, delivery valve, air vessel, and delivery pipe. It utilizes the kinetic energy and momentum of flowing water through its cyclic pumping process to efficiently transport water to higher elevations.

1. HYDRAULIC
RAM
A S E L F - A C T I N G C Y C L I C WAT E R P U M P P O W E R E D
B Y H Y D R O P O W E R

2. PUSA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUB.- FLUID MECHANICS &MECHANICS
CONCERN FACLITY: Mr. MANOJ KUMAR SINGH
PREPARED BY
SUBHASH KUMAR (1508131117)

3. OUTLINE
 Introduction.
 History.
 Constructional details.
 Working.
 Efficiency.
 Advantages and Disadvantages.
 Application
 Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
What is hydraulic ram………?
A hydraulic ram is a cyclic water pump powered by
hydropower. Its function as a hydraulic transformer.
It is a device which raises small quantity of water without
any external power to higher level from large quantity of
water available at lower level.
It works on the principal of water hammer or inertia force of
water in a pipe line.

5. HISTORY
• The hydraulic ram is a very old, and well-proven,
technology for lifting water.
• The first self-acting ram pump was invented by the French
Joseph Montgolfier in 1796 for raising water in his paper
mill
(Montgolfier is more popularly known for his wok in hot-
air balloons)

6. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
• The main part of hydraulic ram are listed below:
a) Supply tank
b)Supply pipe
c)Valve chamber
d)Waste valve
e)Delivery valve
f)Air vessel
g)Delivery pipe
h)Delivery tank

7. DIAGRAM

8. WORKING
• Hydraulic ram works on the principal of water hammer as when a flowing
water is suddenly brought to rest the change in momentum of water masses
causes a sudden rise in pressure. This rise in pressure is utilizes to raise a small
quantity of water to higher level.
• Initially, the waste valve is open and delivery valve is closed. The water from
supply tank start to flow under the force of gravity and picks up speed and
kinetic energy until it forces the waste valve closed.
• The momentum of the water flow in supply pipe against now closed waste
valve causes a water hammer that raises the pressure in chamber. The high
pressure of water opens the delivery valve and water enters into the air vessel
which further compresses the air already preset in the air vessel.

9. • The pressure in the air vessel raises which closes the delivery valve ,now water
from air vessel is forced to flow through delivery pipe.
• Under this condition waste valve and delivery valve both remains closed
• Slowly pressure in the valve chamber falls and waste valve again opens
allowing the water to flow through it.
• Now, under this condition, flow through the supply pipe begins again
producing water hammer in the valve chamber. The cycle is repeated.

10. PROCESS

11. EFFICIENCY
 Hydraulic ram has two types of efficiencies namely D’Aubuisson’s efficiency and Rankine’s
efficiency.
1. D’Aubuisson’s efficiency:
Let, Q = discharge from supply tank to valve chamber
q = discharge from valve chamber to delivery tank
H = height of water in delivery tank raised above the chamber.
h = height of water in the supply tank above chamber (supply head)
since, Energy supplied to/by the ram per second
= weight of water supplied per second to chamber × height of fall or rised
So, energy supplied from the supply tank = ρQg.h
= ωQh ( ⸪m =ρQ and W=mg=ρQg)

12. Energy delivered to delivery tank= ρqg.H
= ωqH
Efficiency of ram, η =
Energy delivered
Energy supplied
=
ρ𝑞gH
ρQgh
=
𝒒𝑯
𝑸𝒉
2. Rankine’ s efficiency:
If the water level in the supply tank is taken as datum. Then the actual height raised is (H-h).
Energy supplied to supply tank = ρ(Q-q)gh.
= ω(Q-q)h
Energy delivered to the delivery tank = ρqg(H-h)
= ωq(H-h)

13. Efficiency, η =
ωq H−h
ω Q−q h
=
𝐪 𝑯−𝒉
𝑸−𝒒 𝒉
 This is known as Rankine’s efficiency and its value is always less than D’Aubuisson’s
efficiency.

14. SOME IMPORTANT FEATURE OF A
HYDRAULIC RAM
(ADVANTAGES)
1. No prime mover is required because it runs it self.
2. Simple design
3. Low repair cost
4. Negligible running cost
5. No electricity consumption
6. It work continuously and, therefore gives regular supply
7. Long life
8. Reliable.

15. DISADVANTAGES
1. Large amount of water wasted through waste valve.
2. Its working is noisy.
3. Only suitable for certain sites.

16. APPLICATION
• To lift the drinking water from spring to high ground settlement.
• Use where flowing water is available.
• It is useful in “hilly area” where large quantity of water flows at
low level is needed to be raised for domestic or irrigation purposes.

17. CONCLUSION
• Board prospect of utilizing the contry’s abundant surface water
• The cost of civil work and pipe installation, the initial investment
could be high

18. THANK YOU!!!