The document provides an overview of the Kaplan turbine, invented by Viktor Kaplan between 1913 and 1922, notable for its use at low water heads below 80 meters and its design akin to an airplane propeller. It details the main components, working principle, classifications into single and double regulated types, and highlights advantages such as high efficiency and suitability for low-head sites, as well as disadvantages including high maintenance costs and potential water leakage issues. Overall, the Kaplan turbine is significant for harnessing hydroelectric power with notable efficiency.

1. Welcome To
Presentation
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2. Kaplan Turbine
Viktor Kaplan (1876-1934)

3. Kaplan Turbine
• The Kaplan turbine is a great
development of early 19th
century.
• Invented by Prof. Viktor Kaplan
of Austria during 1913 – 1922.
• The Kaplan is of the propeller
type, similar to an airplane
propeller.
• Kaplan turbine is a low head
turbine and used for heads of
less than 80 meters.
• It is a pure axial flow turbine
uses basic aerofoil theory.

5. Main Parts of a Kaplan Turbine
Scroll Casing:
It is the Casing in which guides the water and control
the water passage.
Guide Vanes:
It is the blade in which guides the water and control the water
passage.
Draft Tube:
After passing through the runner the
water is discharged to the tail race
through a gradually expanding tube.
Runner:
It is connected to the shaft of the
generator.
Hub:
It is the part of the runner in which
blades are mounted.

6. Working Principle:
• Water under pressure flush draft
tube through the guide vanes and
falls on the adjustable blades,
which enables adjust the flow.
• After crossing propeller is the
kinetic energy of water converted
into rotational motion shaft.
The shaft powered generator
producing electric power.

7. Classification of kaplan Turbine:
• The Kaplan turbine can be divided in double and single
regulated turbines.
• A Kaplan turbine with adjustable runner blades and
adjustable guide vanes is double regulated while one with
only adjustable runner blades is single regulated.
• The double regulated Kaplan turbines can work between 15%
and 100% of the maximum design discharge;
• the single regulated turbines can only work between 30% and
100% of the maximum design discharge.

8. Advantages:
• It can be used for the sites having very low Head.
• The advantage of the double regulated turbines is that
they can be used in a wider field.
• At part loads there is reduced loss of efficiency.
• Kaplan turbine has efficiency up to 90 percent
• Because of small dimension of the power house
there is saving in excavation and civil Engineering works.

9. Disadvantages:
• Leakage of water into generator chamber and
Condensation are source of trouble.
• Cost is very high for maintenance.