This document describes a group project on the Pelton wheel turbine. It lists the group members and provides an introduction to the Pelton wheel, describing its inventor and how it converts water energy into mechanical work. It then describes the key components of the Pelton wheel turbine, including the casing, penstock, nozzle, runner, buckets and shaft. It explains how high pressure water jets are used to impact and rotate the buckets, spinning the shaft and generating power.

2. GROUP MEMBERS
 Hammad Farooq
2015-UET-CCET-CIVIL-01
 Rub Nawaz Bhatti
2015-UET-CCET-CIVIL-02
 Muhammad Kamal Anwar Khan
2015-UET-CCET-CIVIL-03
 Muzammal Hussain
2015-UET-CCET-CIVIL-04
 Abu Bakar Wahid
2015-UET-CCET-CIVIL-05

3. PELTON WHEEL TURBINE

4. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Types
 Parts
 Working
 Application

5. INTRODUCTION
 The Pelton wheel is an impulse-type water turbine.
 It was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s.
 A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts
kinetic energy and potential energy of water into
mechanical work.

6. TYPES
 There are two types of Pelton Wheel Turbines:
 Horizontal Pelton Turbine
Horizontal arrangement is found only in
medium and small sized turbines with usually one
or two jets.
 Vertical Pelton Turbine
Large Pelton turbines with many jets are normally
arranged with vertical shaft. The jets are
symmetrically distributed around the runner to
balance the jet forces.

7. COMPONENTS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE
 Casing
 Penstock
 Nozzle
 Spear Head Nozzle
 Runner
 Buckets
 Shaft
 Braking Jet

8. COMPONENTS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE
Casing:-
 Provided to avoid accidents and splashing of water.
 It has no hydraulic function.
 Minimize the wind losses.
Penstock:-
A penstock is a gate or intake structure that controls
water flow.

9. Nozzle:-
Nozzle of a pelton wheel is a circular guide
mechanism which guides the water to flow at the
desired directions.
Spear Head Nozzle:-
A conical or spear needle operates inside the
nozzle in axial direction. The main purpose of the
nozzle is to regulate the flow of water through
nozzle.

10. Runner:-
 Runner of a pelton wheel consists of circulating disc
fixed with horizontal shaft.
 On the periphery of the runner, a number of buckets
are fixed at a uniform distance.
Buckets:-
 Bucket is a hemispherical cup or bowl with a
divider in the middle.
 This divider is known as splitter. It split the water jet
in two equal parts.
 The surface of the bucket is made very smooth.

11. Shaft:-
It is horizontal and connected normally to the runner
which produced mechanical energy when jet of
water impact on runner.
Braking Jet:-
 It acts as a brake for reducing the speed of the
runner.
 To bring the runner to rest in short time, a small
nozzle is provided in such a way that it will direct
the jet of water on the back of buckets.

12. WORKING PRINCIPLE
IMPULSE MOMENTUM LAW

13. WORKING MECHANISM
 The high speed water jets emerging form the
nozzles strike the buckets at splitters, placed at the
middle of a bucket.
 From where jets are divided into two equal
streams.These stream flow along the inner curve of
the bucket and leave it in the direction opposite to
that of incoming jet.
 So these streams rotate the runner due to this shaft
also rotates and it will produce electricity .

14. WORKING MECHANISM
 The high speed water jets running the Pelton Wheel
Turbine are obtained by expanding the high
pressure water through nozzles.
 The high pressure water can be obtained from any
water body situated at some height or streams of
water flowing down the hills.

16. APPLICATIONS
 It could also be used to measure the speed of a
fluid, if connected to a dynamo meter, the speed of
flow could be read via voltage.
 Power Generation.
 Water turbines are mostly found in dams to
generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
 The Pelton wheel is most efficient in high head
applications.