This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. It also briefly discusses the specific speed of turbines and notes that China produces the most hydroelectric power worldwide.

1. SUBMITTED BY:
RAHUL KUMAR BHATIYA
M. Tech (2nd sem.)
17M702
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. S. S. CHANDEL
CEEE, NIT HAMIRPUR

2.  INTRODUCTION
 PELTON TURBINE
 PARTS OF PELTON TURBINE
 HYDRO POWER
 REFERENCE

3.  A water turbine is a
rotary machine that
converts kinetic
energy and potential
energy of water into
mechanical work.
 Water turbines are
mostly found
in dams to generate
electric power from
water kinetic
energy.[1]

4.  The Pelton wheel is
an impulse type water
turbine.
 It was invented
by Lester Allan
Pelton in the 1870s.
 The Pelton turbine is a
tangential flow
impulse turbine.
 The Pelton wheel is
most efficient in high
head applications.[2]

5.  Two types –
1. Horizontal pelton turbine
2. Vertical pelton turbine

6.  Two types –
1. Horizontal arrangement
pelton turbine
 Horizontal arrangement
is found only in medium
and small sized turbines
with usually one or two
jets.

7. 2. Vertical arrangement
pelton turbine –
 Large Pelton turbines
with many jets are
normally arranged
with vertical shaft.
 The jets are
symmetrically
distributed around
the runner to balance
the jet forces.

8.  PENSTOCK
 RUNNER
 CASING
 SPEAR ROD
 DEFLECTOR
 NOZZLE
 BRAKE NOZZLE

9.  Penstock is a solid
pipe which take water
from the dam and
take it to the turbine
at very high speed.

10.  Each pelton turbine
has a specific number
of buckets attached to
its runner. Buckets
take the impact of
water and start to
rotate along the
runner.

11.  The Pelton runners may
be designed either for
casting of the disc and
buckets in one piece, i.e.
monocast, or the disc
and each of the buckets
are casted in separate
pieces.
 The buckets are made of
cast iron, cast steel
bronze or stainless steel
depending upon the
head at the inlet of the
turbine.[3]

12.  Casing is an important
part of Pelton Turbine
unit, which acts as a
housing for runner and
nozzle tips and the
support for Generator.
 Internal surfaces of
casing should be
designed to prevent the
water, leaving the
buckets, deflected back
against the runner.[4]

13.  A spear is provided
with in the nozzle and
its main function is to
increase and decrease
the speed of water
entering into the
turbine.
 If more water is needed
spear move back and
allow more to enter into
the turbine.
 If less water is needed
spear moves forward.

14.  Jet deflectors have the
function of diverting
the water flow or part
of it between the
nozzle and the rotor
in such a way that it
does not hit the
buckets. These may be
used for an
emergency stop.

15.  If the power has to be
reduced quickly, the
governor moves the jet
deflector into the jet,
thus diverting part of
the water from the
buckets and reducing
the power transferred to
the rotor.
 The governor then
adjusts the discharge by
slowly moving the
needle.

16.  Nozzle is provided at
end of pen stock and
its main function is to
increase the velocity
of the water and to
direct it to the buckets
of the turbine.

17.  When turbine is need to
be stopped then water is
thrown at the back of the
buckets from another
nozzle called brake
nozzle.[5]

18.  α = Nozzle angle
 Θ = Vane angle at inlet
 ϕ = Vane angle at outlet
 β = Angle between V2 and U2
 V1, V2 = Absolute velocity at inlet and outlet
 Vr1, Vr2 = Relative velocity of jet at inlet and outlet
 Vw1,Vw2 = Whirl velocity at inlet and outlet
 Vf1,Vf2 = Flow velocity at inlet and outlet

20.  The Specific Speed of a turbine is the speed in rotations per
minute (r.p.m.) at which a similar model of the turbine would run
under a head of 1ft. when of such size as to develop 1 H.P.

23.  China produces the most electricity from
hydroelectric power, some 856.4 billion
kilowatt hours a year, more than double the
amount produced by Brazil, in second place.[6]

25. 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_turbine
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_wheel
3) https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/pelton-
turbine/2894/
4) http://www.engineeringmechanics.cz/pdf/20_2_077.pdf
5) http://www.green-mechanic.com/2014/06/pelton-wheel-
turbine.html
6) https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/which-countries-
produce-the-most-hydroelectric-power/