Micro-hydro power is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produces up to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water. These power plants can provide power to an isolated home or small community. They use various components like an intake, penstock, turbine, and generator to harness the kinetic energy of flowing water. Different types of turbines are used depending on the head and flow available, including impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel for high head, and reaction turbines like the Francis turbine for medium head. Micro-hydro systems complement solar energy installations in areas where water flow is highest when solar energy is lowest.
Micro Hydro Power Plant is a small power plant which is built up over the rivers in mountains & hills area. It is a low cost power plant that can produce power from 5 kW to 500 kW. It can full-fill needs of a small village or a town. It does not require any big bulky machines & water storage area because it uses stream of water which runs the turbine. It is a clean & green source of energy.
Micro-hydro power plant
Diagram, in short information, turbine type, type of turbine, electronic board controller, generator this all information given in micro projects
Micro Hydro Power Plant is a small power plant which is built up over the rivers in mountains & hills area. It is a low cost power plant that can produce power from 5 kW to 500 kW. It can full-fill needs of a small village or a town. It does not require any big bulky machines & water storage area because it uses stream of water which runs the turbine. It is a clean & green source of energy.
Micro-hydro power plant
Diagram, in short information, turbine type, type of turbine, electronic board controller, generator this all information given in micro projects
Most efficient means of producing electric energy & do not create the air- pollution, the fuel falling water is not consumed. This favourable conditions to make hydroelectric projects attractive sources of electric power.
Micro hydro power background concepts, including general electric energy production, large scale hydroelectric production, small scale and run of the river micro hydro, pelton wheels, classifications, case studies, etc.
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilized to rotate a turbine to produce electricity.
Hydroelectric power generation, schematic, ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION, Advantages, Factors influencing the selection of site for hydro electric power stations, CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Also a turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. According to the fluid used:
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Working Principle Water Turbine
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
In a hydraulic turbine, water is used as the source of energy. Water or hydraulic turbines convert kinetic and potential energies of the water into mechanical power. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed
Based on disposition of turbine shaft
Based on name of originator (commonly used turbines)
Most efficient means of producing electric energy & do not create the air- pollution, the fuel falling water is not consumed. This favourable conditions to make hydroelectric projects attractive sources of electric power.
Micro hydro power background concepts, including general electric energy production, large scale hydroelectric production, small scale and run of the river micro hydro, pelton wheels, classifications, case studies, etc.
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilized to rotate a turbine to produce electricity.
Hydroelectric power generation, schematic, ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION, Advantages, Factors influencing the selection of site for hydro electric power stations, CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Also a turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. According to the fluid used:
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Working Principle Water Turbine
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
In a hydraulic turbine, water is used as the source of energy. Water or hydraulic turbines convert kinetic and potential energies of the water into mechanical power. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed
Based on disposition of turbine shaft
Based on name of originator (commonly used turbines)
This presentation will educate you with the basics and types of a turbine . For info on any topics related to mechanical , feel free to inbox me . I'm available at vijayvicky.vicky7@gmail.com
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. What are Renewable Sources
Types Of Hydro Power Plant
What is Micro Hydro Power Plant
Problems of Macro Hydro Power Plant
Why Micro Hydro Power Plant
Graphical View
Advantages
Disadvantages
3.
4. Large Hydro Power Plant
Medium Hydro Power Plant
Small Hydro Power Plant
Mini Hydro Power Plant
Micro Hydro Power Plant
Pico Hydro Power Plant
10. HYDRO POWER
Hydropower transforms the potential energy of a mass
of water flowing in a river or stream with a certain
vertical fall (termed the “head”)
Hydroelectric power is the cheapest source of
renewable and environmentally benign during
energy,
running.
The potential annual power generation of a hydropower
project is proportional to the head and flow of water
12. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS :
Classification of hydropowerplants
According to
Capacity
Large
Medium
Small
Mini
Micro
Pico
According to
head
High
Medium
Low
According to
purpose
Single purpose
According to
facility types
Run-of-River
Reservoirs
Multi purpose
In-stream
Pumped storage
According to
hydrological
relation
Single
Cascade
According to
transmission
system
Isolated
Connected to
grid
4
13. Micro-hydro Power
1
3
Micro-hydro power is a type of Hydro electric
power that typically produced up to 100 kW of
electricity using the natural flow of water.
These type of power plant can provide power to
an isolated home or a small community. Micro-
hydro system complement solar energy because
in many areas in winter the water flow is
maximum and solar energy is minimum.
In such areas micro-hydro power is used along
with photo voltaic solar energy.
14. VARIOUS COMPONENTS
1
4
Construction of a Micro-hydro power
plant is site specific. It is made up of a
number of components. Some of them
are……
Intake
Canal
Penstock
Turbine
Generator
Controlling unit
16. TURBINES
9
SARAVANANSIVAMANI
Turbines converts the flow and pressure
energy into mechanical energy.
Turbines are basically of two types i.e.
Reaction & Impulse and Depending upon
the head of the available water further
divide in three categories i.e. High,
Medium & Low head.
According to site specification (i.e.
head and flow) we choose the turbine
to use in micro- hydro power plant.
17. Turbine type Flow Head
Pelton wheel Low
High ( >
70 feet)
Turgo Medium
Medium
(25-75
feet)
Cross Flow High
Low (<25
feet)
10
SARAVANANSIVAMANI
19. What is a TURBINE???
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy
from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other
fluid and converts it into useful work.
A turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part
called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades
attached.
Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart
rotational energy to the rotor.
20.
21. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The working principle is very much simple.
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are
displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric gene-
-rator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
22. Basic types of turbines
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific
designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
24. Impulse Turbine
• In an impulse turbine, fast moving fluid is fired through a
narrow nozzle at the turbine blades to make them spin around.
• The blades of an impulse turbine are usually bucket-shaped so
they catch the fluid and direct it off at an angle.
• In an impulse turbine, the fluid is forced to hit the turbine at
high speed.
26. Pelton Wheel
• These are usually used for high head, low flow power plants.
• It was invented by Lester Ella Pelton in the 1870s.
• Nozzles are direct forceful, high speed streams of water
against a rotary series of spoon-shaped buckets, also known as
impulse blades, which are mounted around the circumferential
rim of a drive wheel also called a runner.
• As the water jet hit the bucket-blades, the direction of water
velocity is changed to follow the contours of the bucket.
• Water impulse energy exerts torque on the bucket and wheel
system, spinning the wheel; the water stream itself does a "u-
turn" and exits at the outer sides of the bucket.
• Pelton wheels operate best with Drop height: (50 - 2000 m)
and Flow rate is (4 - 15 m3/s)
28. Applications
• Pelton wheels are the preferred turbine for hydro-power, when
the available water source has relatively high hydraulic head at
low flow rates.
• Pelton wheels are made in all sizes. For maximum power and
efficiency, the wheel and turbine system is designed such that
the water jet velocity is twice the velocity of the rotating
buckets.
• There exist in multi ton Pelton wheels mounted on vertical oil
pad bearing in hydroelectric power.
29. Cross-flow Turbine
• It is developed by Anthony Michel, in 1903 and is used for
low heads. (10–70 meters)
• As with a water wheel, the water is admitted at the turbine's
edge. After passing the runner, it leaves on the opposite side.
• Going through the runner twice provides additional efficiency.
• The cross-flow turbine is a low-speed machine that is well
suited for locations with a low head but high flow.
30. Applications
• The peak efficiency of a cross-flow turbine is somewhat less
than a kaplon, francis or pelton turbine.
• It has a low price, and good regulation.
• As water going through the runner twice, provides additional
efficiency.
• Cross-flow turbines are mostly used in mini and micro
hydropower units.
• Its good point as When the water leaves the runner, it also
helps clean the runner of small debris and pollution.
31. Reaction Turbine
• In a reaction turbine, forces driving the rotor are achieved by
the reaction of an accelerating water flow in the runner while
the pressure drops. The reaction principle can be observed in a
rotary lawn sprinkler where the emerging jet drives the rotor in
the opposite direction.
• In reaction turbines torque developed by reacting to the fluid's
pressure. The pressure of the fluid
changes as it passes through the
turbine rotor blades.
32. Types of Reaction Turbines
• Kaplan Turbine
• Francis Turbine
• Kinetic Turbine
33. Kaplan Turbine
• The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine which has adjustable
blades and is used for low heads and high discharges.
• It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Viktor
Kaplan.
• The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which
means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves
through the turbine and gives up its energy.
• The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the
turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the
wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner,
causing it to spin.
The Kaplan turbine having drop height: 10 - 700 m and Flow
rate 4 - 55 m3/s
35. Applications
• Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for
electrical power production. They cover the lowest head hydro
sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions.
• Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine model are
manufactured for individual power production with as little as
two feet of head.
• Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each site
to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over
90%. They are very expensive to design, manufacture and
install, but operate for decades.
36. FrancisTurbine
• The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was
developed by James B.Franceis and are used for medium
head(45-400 m) and medium discharge.(10-700 m^3/s)
• The Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine, a category of
turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under
immense pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine
blades from the working fluid.
• The turbine's exit tube is shaped to help decelerate the water
flow and recover the pressure.
• Water flow is radial from exterior to interior.
38. Applications
• Francis type units cover a head range from 40 to 600 m (130 to
2,000 ft).
• Its efficiency decreases as flow decreases.
• They may also be used for pumped storage, where a reservoir
is filled by the turbine (acting as a pump) driven by the
generator acting as a large electrical motor during periods of
low power demand.
39. Kinetic Turbines
• Kinetic energy turbines, also called free-flow turbines,
generate electricity from the kinetic energy present in flowing
water.
• The systems may operate in rivers, man-made channels, tidal
waters, or ocean currents.
• Kinetic systems utilize the water stream's natural pathway.
• They do not require the diversion of water through manmade
channels, riverbeds, or pipes,
• They might have applications in such conduits.
• Kinetic systems do not require large civil works; however,
they can use existing structures such as bridges, tailraces and
channels and do not require any dam or reservoir.
41. Applications
• Fuel used are biomasses, coal etc.
• Modern steam turbines has automatic control system.
• steam heated processes in plants and factories.
• steam driven turbines in electric power plants.
• Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly
suited to be used to drive an electrical generator about 90% of
all electricity generation in the United States (1996)
42. SOME TURBINE USED IN MICRO HYDRO POWER
SYSTEM
AXIAL FLOW BULB TURBINE