1. Dysmenorrhea is severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menstruation. 2. There are two main types - primary, caused by prostaglandins, and secondary, caused by an underlying reproductive disorder like endometriosis. 3. Primary dysmenorrhea usually begins 6-12 months after menarche and involves lower abdominal pain radiating to the back or thighs lasting 48-72 hours.

1. PREPARED BY: JEGAN. S. NADAR

2. DYMENNORRHOEA
❖ It is defined as severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen that occurs just
before or during menstruation.
Jegan Nadar

3. TYPES OF DYSMENORRHEA
There are two types of Dysmenorrhea as follow
❖ Primary Dysmenorrhea:- It is the pain during menstruation caused by
excessive levels of prostaglandins.
❖ Secondary Dysmenorrhea:- It is pain that is caused by a disorder in the
woman's reproductive organs, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis,
uterine fibroids, or infection.
Jegan Nadar

4. PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
❖ It usually begins 6 to 12 months after menarch.
❖ It is the most common type of dysmenorrhea
❖ There is lower abdominal pain radiating to the
back or thigh.
❖ It lasts for 48-72 hours.
❖ There is also vomiting, Tiredness, Headache.
Jegan Nadar

5. During a woman's menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in preparation for potential pregnancy
After ovulation, if the ovum is not fertilized and there is no pregnancy, the built-up
uterine tissue is not needed and thus shed
Molecular compounds called prostaglandins are released during menstruation
Release of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators in the uterus cause the uterus to
contract.
Also prostaglandins constrict the blood vessels which decreases blood supply to the
tissue of the endometrium, which, in turn, breaks down and dies
These contractions, and the resulting temporary oxygen deprivation to nearby tissues, are
responsible for the pain or "cramps" experienced during menstruation
Jegan Nadar

6. Jegan Nadar

7. SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA
❖ It occurs after many years after the menarche.
❖ It is seen in women's with other reproductive
diseases like endometriosis, adenomyosis,
uterine fibroids or infection.
❖ The pain is associated with abnormal
bleeding.
Jegan Nadar

8. ENDOMETRIOSIS
FIBROID
UTERINE INFECTION
ASHERMANS
SYNDROME
OVARIAN CYSTPOLYPS
UTERINE STENOSIS
ADENOMYOSIS
LEIOMYOMA
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY
DISEASES
CAUSES
OF
SECONDARY
DYMENNORRHOEA

9. Jegan Nadar

10. SYMPTOMS
 Pulsating lower abdominal pain
 Heavy bleeding
 Cramps
 Lower back pain
 Nausea,
 Vomiting,
 Diarrhea,
 Lightheadedness

11. DIAGNOSIS
 Medical history of menstrual pain
 Pelvic exam
 Gynecologic ultrasonography

12. TREATMENT
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen,
naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
 Oral contraceptives also may also help reduce the severity of the symptom
Jegan Nadar