Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside the uterus. Doctors perform D & C to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as a heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after an abortion or miscarriage.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside the uterus. Doctors perform D & C to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as a heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after an abortion or miscarriage.
Any of a group of potent hormone like substances that are produced in various mammalian tissues, are derived from arachidonic acid, and mediate a wide range of physiological functions, such as control of blood pressure, contraction of uterine, smooth muscle, and modulation of inflammation.
This is a slide share on the topic Metorrhagia and menorrhagia . This topic was very hard to find on internet with full information. I faced lot of problems in finding topic, eventually i consult different books and gathered all information that i required. Now um uploading this topic cause i don't want anybody face the problems that i faced.
Jazakh Allahu Khyran
Visit the document here, if you want to know what is abnormal uterine bleeding and what are the causes of it. Click the below link to know more: https://drsuparnabanerjee.com/aub.php
Menorrhagia: Prolonged (>7 days) and/or heavy (>80 ml) uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals.
Polymenorrhea: An abnormally short interval (<21>35 days) between menses.
Metrorrhagia: variable amounts of inter-menstrual bleeding occurring at irregular but frequent intervals.
Watching for abnormal menstruation - medical information | clinical purpose martinshaji
Irregular menstruation can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include family history of irregular menstruation, menopause or menarche, physical stress, psychological stress, smoking or medication side effects.
Other causes of abnormal menstruation include: Uterine cancer or cervical cancer. Medications, such as steroids or anticoagulant drugs (blood thinners) Medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, an under- or overactive thyroid gland, or pituitary disorders that affect hormonal balance
please comment
thank u
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. PREPARED BY MONONITA BHATTACHARJEE
MSC. NURSING (MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING)
A bleeding disorder…
MENORRHAGIA
2. MENORRHAGIA
Menorrhagia is the medical term for
menstrual periods with abnormally
heavy or prolonged bleeding.
Menstrual flow more than >80 ml / cycle.
5. 1. Hormone imbalance. If a hormone imbalance occurs between the
hormones estrogen and progesterone, the endometrium develops
in excess and eventually sheds by way of heavy menstrual
bleeding.
2. Dysfunction of the ovaries. If ovaries don't ovulate during a
menstrual cycle (anovulation),body doesn't produce the hormone
progesterone, as it would during a normal menstrual cycle. This
leads to hormone imbalance and may result in menorrhagia.
6. 4. Uterine fibroids. These noncancerous (benign) tumors of the uterus
which may also induce menorrhagia.
5. Polyps. Small, benign polyps may cause heavy or prolonged menstrual
bleeding.
6. Adenomyosis. often causing heavy bleeding and painful menses.
7. Intrauterine device (IUD). Menorrhagia is a well-known side effect of
using a nonhormonal intrauterine.
7. 4. Pregnancy complications. miscarriage ,ectopic
pregnancy
5. Cancer. Rarely, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer and
cervical cancer
6. Inherited bleeding disorders.Von Willebrand's
disease
7. Medications. anti-inflammatory medications and
anticoagulants.
8. Other medical conditions. including pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID), thyroid problems,
endometriosis, and liver or kidney disease, may be
associated with menorrhagia.
8. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Soaking through one or more sanitary pads
or tampons every hour for several
consecutive hours.
Needing to use double sanitary protection to
control your menstrual flow.
Needing to wake up to change sanitary
protection during the night.
9. CONTINUATION….
Bleeding for longer than a week
Passing blood clots with menstrual flow for
more than one day
Restricting daily activities due to heavy
menstrual flow
Symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness,
fatigue or shortness of breath
10. WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR
• Vaginal bleeding so heavy it soaks at least one pad or tampon an
hour for more than a few hours.
• Bleeding between periods or irregular vaginal bleeding.
• Any vaginal bleeding after menopause.
11. RISK FACTORS
Adolescent girls who have recently started menstruating.Girls are
especially prone to anovulatory cycles in the first year after their
first menstrual period (menarche).
Older women approaching menopause. Women ages 40 to 50 are at
increased risk of hormonal changes that lead to anovulatory cycles.
12. COMPLICATIONS
A. Iron deficiency anemia. Menorrhagia may decrease iron levels
enough to increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia.
B. Severe pain. with heavy menstrual bleeding, you might have painful
menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea).
13. TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS Blood tests. evaluate for iron deficiency (anemia) and other conditions,
such as thyroid disorders or blood-clotting abnormalities.
Pap test. cells from cervix are collected and tested for infection,
inflammation or cancerous changes.
Endometrial biopsy. is the removal of a small piece of tissue from
the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).
16. Ultrasound scan. To rule out any abnormality in uterus.
Sonohysterogram. During this test, a fluid is injected through a tube
into uterus by way of vagina and cervix using ultrasound to look
for problems in the lining of uterus.
Hysteroscopy. This exam involves inserting a tiny camera through
vagina and cervix into uterus, which allows to see the inside of
uterus.
20. TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
Iron supplements If have iron deficiency anemia, recommend iron
supplements regularly.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or
naproxen (Aleve), help reduce menstrual blood loss. NSAIDs have the
added benefit of relieving painful menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea).
21. CONT…
Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic. It works by
preventing blood clots from breaking down too
quickly. This helps to reduce excessive bleeding.
Combined oral contraceptives stabilize the
endometrium and thereby reduce the incidence of
breakthrough bleeding, it helps toregulate menstrual
cycles and reduce episodes of excessive or
prolonged menstrual bleeding.
22. CONT…
Oral progesterone. the hormone progesterone can
help correct hormone imbalance and reduce
menorrhagia.
The hormonal IUD (Mirena). This releases a type of
progestin called levonorgestrel, which makes the
uterine lining thin and decreases menstrual blood
flow and cramps.
23. SURGICAL TREATMENT
Dilation and curettage (D&C).refers to the dilation(widening/opening)
of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the lining of the uterus
and/or contents of the uterus by scraping and scooping (curettage).
Uterine artery embolization. menorrhagia caused by fibroids, the goal
is to shrink any fibroids in the uterus by blocking the uterine arteries
and cutting off their blood supply.
26. CONT…
Focused ultrasound ablation. Similar to uterine
artery embolization , focused ultrasound
ablation treats bleeding caused by fibroids by
shrinking the fibroids. This procedure uses
ultrasound waves to destroy the fibroid tissue
no incisions required for this procedure.
28. CONT…
Endometrial resection. This surgical procedure uses an
electrosurgical wire loop to remove the lining of the
uterus. Both endometrial ablation and endometrial
resection benefit women who have very heavy
menstrual bleeding. Pregnancy isn't recommended
after this procedure.
Myomectomy. surgical removal of uterine fibroids.
31. CONT…
Endometrial ablation. permanently destroying the
lining of uterus (endometrium).
Hysterectomy. Hysterectomy — surgery to remove
your uterus and cervix — is a permanent procedure
that causes sterility and ends menstrual periods.