The document discusses the different forms and uses of present and past participles in English. The present participle can be used to describe continuous or ongoing actions, feelings, or for active and passive statements. The past participle is used to describe completed actions or feelings and for passive statements. Both participles can be used as part of adverbial phrases to indicate actions happening simultaneously, sequentially, or to express reasons for actions or situations.

1. Participle

2. Present participle in different form
Simple
form
Perfect
form
active doing Having
done
passive Being
done
Having
been done

3. Present participle ---usage
 To describe a continuous action
 People are running out of a burning
building
 For active statement
 The man giving the lecture is my
uncle.
 To describe a feeling
 The programme was boring

4. Past participle
 Verbs ending in ed ,en etc.

5. Past participle --usuage
 To describe a completed action
 The fire victim looked sadly upon
their burnt houses.
 For passive statements
 The lecture given by my uncle caused
much controversy.
 To describe someone’s feeling
 We were bored with the programme

6. The present participle also used as
an adverb or part of an adverbial
phrase
 When an action occurs while the another action is in
progress
 She hurt her leg while playing tennis
 For two actions which happen at the same time
 He stood at the entrance of Sogo waiting for his
girlfriend.
 When one action happens immediately after
 Hearing the crash, they rushed out to see what
happened
 When an action is reported before another using its
perfect form
 Having checked his e-mail, he started doing his
homework

7. To express a reason for an action,
event or situation
 Being unwell, Tony took a day off
 As Tony is unwell, he took a day off.
 Not knowing what to do, I ask for her
advice.
 Since I did not know what to do, I
ask for her advice.
 It being late, she decided not to call
him back