The past participle indicates past or completed action and is formed by adding "ed" to regular verbs or irregularly for irregular verbs. It can be used to form the present perfect tense, passive voice, and as an adjective. The active voice is used when the subject performs the action, while the passive voice is used when the subject receives the action but the performer is unknown or unimportant.

1. Past participle
active & passive voice

2. What is it?
A past participle indicates past or completed action or
time. It is often called the 'ed' form as it is formed by
adding d or ed, to the base form of regular verbs, however
it is also formed in various other ways for irregular verbs.

3. How is it used?
It can be used to form a verb phrase as part of the present perfect tense. For
example:- I have learnt English.
It can be used to form the passive voice. For example:- Her hair was well
brushed.
It can also be used as an adjective. For example:- He had a broken arm.

4. Active & Passive voice?
‘VOICE’ shows whether the subject of
a sentence is doing the action, or
having the action done to it.

5. Active Voice

I cleaned the office while you were out.

Piers switched on the Christmas lights.
If the subject is the person performing the action, we use the
active voice.

6. Passive Voice
he office was cleaned while you were out.
he lights were switched on.
hen we are NOT bothered about who or what carried out
the action of the verb, we use the passive voice.

7. Passive Voice
he office was cleaned while you were out.
he lights were switched on.
hen we are NOT bothered about who or what carried out
the action of the verb, we use the passive voice.