This document discusses storage selection functions (SAS) as a tool for characterizing dispersion processes and solute transport at the catchment scale. SAS functions link the age distributions of water stored in a catchment to the age distributions exported from the catchment. They can be used to derive travel time distributions and model concentrations of conservative solutes. The formulation incorporates temporal variability in hydrologic fluxes and can represent spatial heterogeneity through distinct SAS functions for different catchment units. Case studies demonstrate how SAS functions capture catchment-scale age selection dynamics and can reproduce observed solute concentrations in streams.
The concepts related of the New Model of River Adige, and especially an analysys of the existing OMS components ready and their interpretation on the basis of travel time approaches
This document summarizes work on developing an integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model using a Darcy multi-domain approach. It describes the model, its validation using benchmark problems, and participation in an international model intercomparison project. The integrated model couples surface and subsurface flows using a single pressure head equation. It was able to successfully simulate several benchmark problems, including a superslab test case with heterogeneous soils, though very small grid cells and many iterations were required.
This document summarizes lessons learned from physically-based hydrological models. It discusses how distributed hydrological models can be useful tools for understanding processes like streamflow generation, solute transport, and groundwater-surface water interactions through detailed numerical simulations. While complex models may not be suited for predictions, they can serve as virtual laboratories for testing hypotheses. 2D and 3D simulations discussed provide insights into mechanisms of streamflow generation, the old water contribution to streams, and the impact of heterogeneity on solute transport. Simpler models that are less realistic but more generalizable, like the Boussinesq model, can also provide useful understanding when calibrated against more complex simulations. The document evaluates the performance of lumped transport models representing
This document discusses preparatory work for coupling reactive solute transport modeling with flow modeling in the Cathy model. The objectives are to develop a 3D coupled surface and subsurface flow and reactive solute transport model based on Cathy, validate it using field data from two hillslopes in France, and upscale the model from hillslope to catchment scale. An existing subsurface flow model (Cathy) and solute transport model (Tran3d) will be merged to allow modeling of non-steady state cases. The merged model will be validated using two test cases from literature and applied to a site in Beaujolais, France.
This document discusses storage selection functions (SAS) as a tool for characterizing dispersion processes and solute transport at the catchment scale. SAS functions link the age distributions of water stored in a catchment to the age distributions exported from the catchment. They can be used to derive travel time distributions and model concentrations of conservative solutes. The formulation incorporates temporal variability in hydrologic fluxes and can represent spatial heterogeneity through distinct SAS functions for different catchment units. Case studies demonstrate how SAS functions capture catchment-scale age selection dynamics and can reproduce observed solute concentrations in streams.
The concepts related of the New Model of River Adige, and especially an analysys of the existing OMS components ready and their interpretation on the basis of travel time approaches
This document summarizes work on developing an integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model using a Darcy multi-domain approach. It describes the model, its validation using benchmark problems, and participation in an international model intercomparison project. The integrated model couples surface and subsurface flows using a single pressure head equation. It was able to successfully simulate several benchmark problems, including a superslab test case with heterogeneous soils, though very small grid cells and many iterations were required.
This document summarizes lessons learned from physically-based hydrological models. It discusses how distributed hydrological models can be useful tools for understanding processes like streamflow generation, solute transport, and groundwater-surface water interactions through detailed numerical simulations. While complex models may not be suited for predictions, they can serve as virtual laboratories for testing hypotheses. 2D and 3D simulations discussed provide insights into mechanisms of streamflow generation, the old water contribution to streams, and the impact of heterogeneity on solute transport. Simpler models that are less realistic but more generalizable, like the Boussinesq model, can also provide useful understanding when calibrated against more complex simulations. The document evaluates the performance of lumped transport models representing
This document discusses preparatory work for coupling reactive solute transport modeling with flow modeling in the Cathy model. The objectives are to develop a 3D coupled surface and subsurface flow and reactive solute transport model based on Cathy, validate it using field data from two hillslopes in France, and upscale the model from hillslope to catchment scale. An existing subsurface flow model (Cathy) and solute transport model (Tran3d) will be merged to allow modeling of non-steady state cases. The merged model will be validated using two test cases from literature and applied to a site in Beaujolais, France.
This document provides an overview of a project studying the effects of subsurface heterogeneity at hillslope scales using the Parflow modeling system. It discusses motivations to better understand upscaling rules when applying distributed hydrological models with heterogeneous parameters. Initial tests are presented examining the impact of soil property variability on soil moisture and discharge dynamics for flat fields and hillslopes. Preliminary results show that state dynamics are well represented by homogeneous models, but heterogeneity increases non-equilibrium and impacts could depend on the ergodic or non-ergodic nature of the domain. Further work is planned to generalize the tests and analyze coarsening effects at the catchment scale.
The document summarizes the use of data assimilation methods to correct hydrological model forecasts based on measurements. It presents an example using the CATHY model and assimilating streamflow measurements to correct for uncertainties in initial conditions and atmospheric forcings. It also discusses applications to coupled hydrogeophysical inversion, and using data assimilation at the Landscape Evolution Observatory to estimate spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity fields based on sensor measurements under rainfall experiments.
Pre-Injection Assessment of Time-Lapse Seismic Repeatability at the Aquistore CO2 Storage Site - presentation by Lisa Roach of the University of Leeds at the UKCCSRC meeting Monitoring of the deep subsurface: leakage pathways – understanding and monitoring the mechanics of CO2 storage, 23 October 2014
The document describes the CATchment-HYdrology Flow-Transport (CATHY_FT) model, which simulates coupled surface-subsurface flow and transport processes. CATHY_FT uses numerical models including the Richards' equation and advection-dispersion equation to simulate subsurface flow and transport, and finite difference schemes for surface processes. It features a sequential, explicit coupling between surface and subsurface calculations at each time step to account for interactions between domains. The presentation aims to demonstrate CATHY_FT's performance in simulating hydrological processes like hillslope drainage and runoff generation.
This document describes a circular workflow that unites seismic surveys with reservoir simulation models. The workflow uses seismic inversion to derive acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratio from seismic data, which can then be directly compared to properties from the reservoir simulator. Seismic inversion is applied simultaneously to all vintages of seismic data and angle stacks, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of time-lapse observations. The inversion outputs impedance and Poisson's ratio, which are used to predict lithology, fluids, and saturation changes that can be evaluated against reservoir simulator predictions. A rock physics model is used to convert properties like saturation and pressure from the simulator into impedance and Poisson's ratio.
(1) The document discusses a research project that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and design of experiments (DOE) to develop approximate formulas relating hydrodynamic coefficients to shape parameters for three full-ocean depth manned submersibles.
(2) It examines how hydrofoils affect the hydrodynamic coefficients of one submersible modeled after an underwater plane by setting up a dynamic model.
(3) The shapes of the submersibles were optimized using an NSGA-II algorithm, reducing resistance by 5% for the optimized design.
Determining The Coefficient Of Tr, Α And River Length (L) Of Flood Runoff Mod...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study determining coefficients for a flood runoff model using a synthetic unit hydrograph method in the Bedadung watershed in Jember, Indonesia. The study obtained a time of concentration (Tr) value of 0.3 hours and an alpha (α) coefficient of 0.651, giving the model a reliability of 71%. By further investigating the river length coefficient (L), a value of 0.052 was determined, increasing the model's reliability to 87.44%.
This document discusses coupling land surface models (LSM) with radiative transfer models (RTM) for assimilating microwave brightness temperature observations over India. It explains that the community microwave emission model is used as the forward operator to relate LSM states like soil moisture to brightness temperatures. An ensemble Kalman filter is used to update LSM states by combining forecasts with observations. Results show assimilating brightness temperatures improves Noah LSM soil moisture simulations compared to open-loop runs. Issues regarding biases and parameter estimation for the RTM are discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a dimensionally-reduced model for coupled river-subsurface flow modeling. It describes:
1) The need for an integrated model to simulate flow in a mountainous catchment with steep slopes and deep bedrock.
2) A new model that reduces the dimensionality of the 3D Richards equation to simplify simulations while remaining physically-based.
3) Validation of the reduced model against a full 3D Richards model on a 2D cross-section, showing good agreement in water table elevations.
4) Plans to test the coupled reduced model on the instrumented Strengbach catchment to better characterize flow pathways and residence times.
Research Project Presentation_Michael LiMichael Li
This document summarizes an investigation into the drag and added mass properties of mid-water arch structures for riser design. Hydrodynamic force analysis was conducted using Morison's equation and existing codes. Added mass coefficients were analyzed using panel methods and CFD simulations, finding panel methods provided better predictions than codes. Drag coefficients were found to vary with structure design and Reynolds number. CFD simulations matched published cylinder results and provided better coefficient predictions than codes.
Modelling C3 photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions at the leaf an...Alejandro Morales Sierra
This document summarizes a model of C3 photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions at the leaf and canopy levels. The model was developed to predict CO2 assimilation under fluctuating light by relating observed patterns to underlying processes. It extends an existing steady-state model to make it dynamic. The model includes components for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport, Rubisco kinetics, CO2 diffusion, and energy balance. It was calibrated using experimental data from Arabidopsis mutants and validated against independent data. Simulations at the leaf level examined how different processes limit photosynthesis under light fluctuations. Canopy-level simulations using a theoretical canopy explored the effects of different environmental scenarios. The model reproduces the effects of photos
Question and answers webinar hydrodynamic modeling on the northwest european ...Deltares
This document summarizes a webinar on hydrodynamic modeling of the Northwest European Shelf and North Sea using Delft3D Flexible Mesh software. Key points include:
- Two separate models, DCSM and ZuNo, are dynamically coupled using domain decomposition to function as a single model.
- The model uses wind speed data from the HiRLAM weather model and adjusts wind stress with a Kalman filter calibrated to water level observations.
- Tides, surge, wind, and pressure are all modeled components and coupled iteratively to predict total water levels.
This document outlines the lattice Boltzmann method and its applications in multiphase flows. It discusses the history and development of the lattice Boltzmann method from lattice gas automata to the BGK kinetic model. A kinetic theory for multiphase flows is presented along with models for intermolecular interactions. A lattice Boltzmann multiphase model is developed based on the kinetic theory. The model is applied to simulate phase separation and Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Challenges in further developing the lattice Boltzmann method are also noted.
The HortonMachine library is an open source geospatial library focused on hydro-geomorphological analysis and environmental modeling. It provides tools to analyze environmental processes like floods, debris flows, wood floods, and landslides. The library is integrated into gvSIG and also available as a standalone suite of applications. It contains models for tasks like calculating maximum discharge, evaluating debris flow hazards, and predicting large wood transport during floods. Case studies demonstrate how the tools have been used to model past natural hazard events.
Anoop Varghese(1), John Turner(1), Thomas Way(2), Clarence Johnson(3), Brian Steenwyk(1)
1 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations
2 National Soil Dynamics Lab
3 Auburn University
This document is a student's presentation on life advice based on the theme "Making everyday count". The student struggles to come up with advice as a 15-year-old but settles on the single word "Listen". The student explains that listening can mean appreciating music, following the guidance of others like parents and teachers, and giving others someone to listen to can positively impact their lives. The student gives a personal example of how listening to advice against procrastinating could have helped them better prepare this presentation.
This document provides an overview of a project studying the effects of subsurface heterogeneity at hillslope scales using the Parflow modeling system. It discusses motivations to better understand upscaling rules when applying distributed hydrological models with heterogeneous parameters. Initial tests are presented examining the impact of soil property variability on soil moisture and discharge dynamics for flat fields and hillslopes. Preliminary results show that state dynamics are well represented by homogeneous models, but heterogeneity increases non-equilibrium and impacts could depend on the ergodic or non-ergodic nature of the domain. Further work is planned to generalize the tests and analyze coarsening effects at the catchment scale.
The document summarizes the use of data assimilation methods to correct hydrological model forecasts based on measurements. It presents an example using the CATHY model and assimilating streamflow measurements to correct for uncertainties in initial conditions and atmospheric forcings. It also discusses applications to coupled hydrogeophysical inversion, and using data assimilation at the Landscape Evolution Observatory to estimate spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity fields based on sensor measurements under rainfall experiments.
Pre-Injection Assessment of Time-Lapse Seismic Repeatability at the Aquistore CO2 Storage Site - presentation by Lisa Roach of the University of Leeds at the UKCCSRC meeting Monitoring of the deep subsurface: leakage pathways – understanding and monitoring the mechanics of CO2 storage, 23 October 2014
The document describes the CATchment-HYdrology Flow-Transport (CATHY_FT) model, which simulates coupled surface-subsurface flow and transport processes. CATHY_FT uses numerical models including the Richards' equation and advection-dispersion equation to simulate subsurface flow and transport, and finite difference schemes for surface processes. It features a sequential, explicit coupling between surface and subsurface calculations at each time step to account for interactions between domains. The presentation aims to demonstrate CATHY_FT's performance in simulating hydrological processes like hillslope drainage and runoff generation.
This document describes a circular workflow that unites seismic surveys with reservoir simulation models. The workflow uses seismic inversion to derive acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratio from seismic data, which can then be directly compared to properties from the reservoir simulator. Seismic inversion is applied simultaneously to all vintages of seismic data and angle stacks, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of time-lapse observations. The inversion outputs impedance and Poisson's ratio, which are used to predict lithology, fluids, and saturation changes that can be evaluated against reservoir simulator predictions. A rock physics model is used to convert properties like saturation and pressure from the simulator into impedance and Poisson's ratio.
(1) The document discusses a research project that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and design of experiments (DOE) to develop approximate formulas relating hydrodynamic coefficients to shape parameters for three full-ocean depth manned submersibles.
(2) It examines how hydrofoils affect the hydrodynamic coefficients of one submersible modeled after an underwater plane by setting up a dynamic model.
(3) The shapes of the submersibles were optimized using an NSGA-II algorithm, reducing resistance by 5% for the optimized design.
Determining The Coefficient Of Tr, Α And River Length (L) Of Flood Runoff Mod...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study determining coefficients for a flood runoff model using a synthetic unit hydrograph method in the Bedadung watershed in Jember, Indonesia. The study obtained a time of concentration (Tr) value of 0.3 hours and an alpha (α) coefficient of 0.651, giving the model a reliability of 71%. By further investigating the river length coefficient (L), a value of 0.052 was determined, increasing the model's reliability to 87.44%.
This document discusses coupling land surface models (LSM) with radiative transfer models (RTM) for assimilating microwave brightness temperature observations over India. It explains that the community microwave emission model is used as the forward operator to relate LSM states like soil moisture to brightness temperatures. An ensemble Kalman filter is used to update LSM states by combining forecasts with observations. Results show assimilating brightness temperatures improves Noah LSM soil moisture simulations compared to open-loop runs. Issues regarding biases and parameter estimation for the RTM are discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a dimensionally-reduced model for coupled river-subsurface flow modeling. It describes:
1) The need for an integrated model to simulate flow in a mountainous catchment with steep slopes and deep bedrock.
2) A new model that reduces the dimensionality of the 3D Richards equation to simplify simulations while remaining physically-based.
3) Validation of the reduced model against a full 3D Richards model on a 2D cross-section, showing good agreement in water table elevations.
4) Plans to test the coupled reduced model on the instrumented Strengbach catchment to better characterize flow pathways and residence times.
Research Project Presentation_Michael LiMichael Li
This document summarizes an investigation into the drag and added mass properties of mid-water arch structures for riser design. Hydrodynamic force analysis was conducted using Morison's equation and existing codes. Added mass coefficients were analyzed using panel methods and CFD simulations, finding panel methods provided better predictions than codes. Drag coefficients were found to vary with structure design and Reynolds number. CFD simulations matched published cylinder results and provided better coefficient predictions than codes.
Modelling C3 photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions at the leaf an...Alejandro Morales Sierra
This document summarizes a model of C3 photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions at the leaf and canopy levels. The model was developed to predict CO2 assimilation under fluctuating light by relating observed patterns to underlying processes. It extends an existing steady-state model to make it dynamic. The model includes components for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport, Rubisco kinetics, CO2 diffusion, and energy balance. It was calibrated using experimental data from Arabidopsis mutants and validated against independent data. Simulations at the leaf level examined how different processes limit photosynthesis under light fluctuations. Canopy-level simulations using a theoretical canopy explored the effects of different environmental scenarios. The model reproduces the effects of photos
Question and answers webinar hydrodynamic modeling on the northwest european ...Deltares
This document summarizes a webinar on hydrodynamic modeling of the Northwest European Shelf and North Sea using Delft3D Flexible Mesh software. Key points include:
- Two separate models, DCSM and ZuNo, are dynamically coupled using domain decomposition to function as a single model.
- The model uses wind speed data from the HiRLAM weather model and adjusts wind stress with a Kalman filter calibrated to water level observations.
- Tides, surge, wind, and pressure are all modeled components and coupled iteratively to predict total water levels.
This document outlines the lattice Boltzmann method and its applications in multiphase flows. It discusses the history and development of the lattice Boltzmann method from lattice gas automata to the BGK kinetic model. A kinetic theory for multiphase flows is presented along with models for intermolecular interactions. A lattice Boltzmann multiphase model is developed based on the kinetic theory. The model is applied to simulate phase separation and Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Challenges in further developing the lattice Boltzmann method are also noted.
The HortonMachine library is an open source geospatial library focused on hydro-geomorphological analysis and environmental modeling. It provides tools to analyze environmental processes like floods, debris flows, wood floods, and landslides. The library is integrated into gvSIG and also available as a standalone suite of applications. It contains models for tasks like calculating maximum discharge, evaluating debris flow hazards, and predicting large wood transport during floods. Case studies demonstrate how the tools have been used to model past natural hazard events.
Anoop Varghese(1), John Turner(1), Thomas Way(2), Clarence Johnson(3), Brian Steenwyk(1)
1 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations
2 National Soil Dynamics Lab
3 Auburn University
This document is a student's presentation on life advice based on the theme "Making everyday count". The student struggles to come up with advice as a 15-year-old but settles on the single word "Listen". The student explains that listening can mean appreciating music, following the guidance of others like parents and teachers, and giving others someone to listen to can positively impact their lives. The student gives a personal example of how listening to advice against procrastinating could have helped them better prepare this presentation.
Corina Sandu, Scott Naranjo, Saied Taheri, Virginia Tech
U.S. Army Quad Member:
Dr. Paramsothy Jayakumar, TARDEC
Industry Quad Members:
Dr. Brant Ross, MotionPort, Mr. Daniel Christ, Michelin Americas Research Co
Carmine Senatore*, Paramsothy Jayakumar†, and Karl Iagnemma*
*Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
†U.S. Army TARDEC Warren, MI, USA
Ali Azimi(1,2), Daniel Holz(2), József Kövecses(1), Jorge Angeles(1), Marek Teichmann(2)
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2 CM-Labs Simulations Inc., Montreal, Canada
This document compares different gas models for calculating the spring force of a hydropneumatic suspension. It summarizes the results of testing various gas models (ideal gas, BWR, etc.) in simulations and experiments. The best performing models were then used in a full vehicle model, with the gas properties of each suspension unit optimized to match experimental pressure and displacement data. The optimized BWR model with energy equation provided improved correlation with experimental data compared to simpler gas models. Overall, the document evaluates gas models for simulating hydropneumatic suspension spring forces.
The ISTVS Board of Directors meeting held at Blacksburg, Virginia, on September 18, 2011 has decided to hold the next International ISTVS Conference at Seoul Korea in 2014. It will be the 18th ISTVS International Conference and the second time to have the ISTVS conference at Seoul. The first one was the 5th Asian and Pacific Regional Conference held in 1998. Prof. Kyeong Uk Kim of Seoul National University, Conference Chairman, said conference preparation will be started from the next year and the conference website will be open sometime in October 2012.
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Ron Liston Seminar: The 5 February 2014 Ron Liston Seminar was presented by Tim Cary (CRREL/BSB) and Heidi Howard (CERL) as a follow-up to their co-chairmanship or the 7th Americas Conference of the ISTVS in November 2013, Tampa, Florida.
1) Multiple micro-pulse lidar (MPL) systems were deployed around the Baltimore-Washington region as part of NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign to study air quality and atmospheric conditions.
2) In addition to existing MPL sites, four portable Sigma Space MPLs were loaned for additional locations to provide a regional-scale assessment of aerosol profiles.
3) The MPL data provides continuous vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds to help understand satellite measurements of column properties and relate surface, airborne, and space-based observations over the study period in July 2011.
The document summarizes a study evaluating best management practices (BMPs) for soil erosion in the Bago River Basin in Myanmar using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The study aimed to assess sediment yield, identify critical soil erosion areas, and determine the most effective BMPs. The SWAT model was set up, calibrated using discharge and sediment data from 1997-2006, and validated from 2007-2016. Preliminary results found average annual sediment yield of 11 ton/ha/year and acceptable but imperfect calibration and validation performance. Improved modeling is needed to fully evaluate BMP scenarios to reduce soil erosion in the basin.
The document discusses hybrid rocket motors. Hybrid rockets use a solid fuel and liquid or gaseous oxidizer. They offer inherent safety advantages over solid and liquid rockets but traditionally have had low fuel regression rates, requiring complex multi-port designs for launch systems. Recent work has focused on ways to increase regression rates through techniques like adding oxidizing agents or metal particles to the fuel grain. Solid cryogenic hybrids, using frozen fuels at cryogenic temperatures, have shown potential for 3-5 times faster regression rates than traditional polymers. Overall, hybrid systems provide potential benefits but challenges in fuel design have limited their application for orbital launch.
This document summarizes Rudolf Husar's presentation on exceptional event analysis and decision support systems. It discusses using diverse data like satellites, models, and real-time monitoring to evaluate exceptional events like wildfires, dust storms, and their impact on air quality measurements. Specific examples are presented of exceptional events from dust from Asia and Africa impacting North America, as well as wildfires in Georgia impacting ozone and PM2.5 levels. Tools like the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System model and satellite data are highlighted for their ability to analyze the transport and impact of these aerosol plumes to support regulatory decisions. The goal of reconciliation of emissions, observations, and models is discussed to improve the evaluation of exceptional events
This document discusses the role of Societal Challenge 5 (SC5) in the BigDataEurope (BDE) project. SC5 focuses on climate action, environment, and resource efficiency. The two pilot use cases for SC5 in BDE relate to modeling atmospheric applications like weather prediction, air pollution monitoring, and climate change analysis. These applications generate large amounts of measurement and modeling data. The aim of the pilot use cases is to demonstrate how big data tools from BDE can help efficiently manage, process, and utilize these atmospheric data sources.
The document discusses the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is scheduled for launch in 2014. SMAP will map global soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space to further understanding of the water, energy, and carbon cycles. The mission involves an L-band radar and radiometer to provide soil moisture measurements. Algorithms are being developed and tested to generate products like soil moisture maps from the radar-radiometer data. Validation efforts and working groups are helping prepare for the mission.
20160505 - CPFD modeling and experimental validation of gas–solid flow in ado...Angel Lanza
This document reports on a study using Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics (CPFD) modeling and experimental validation to simulate gas-solid flow in a downer reactor. A hybrid CPFD/experimental data model is developed that represents particle clusters in the downer unit via a statistical particle selection method. The model hypothesizes that clusters form via random particle selection, ensuring dynamic stability. The hybrid model is validated against experimental data from a 2 meter tall, 2.57 cm diameter downer column across a range of conditions. Results show the model successfully simulates measured axial and radial velocity profiles and solid concentration distributions, supporting relatively flat radial profiles and a narrow distribution of cluster residence times.
Diffuse and localized necking under plane stress in visco-plastic material mo...Salvatore Scalera
In a tension test on a ductile material, a diffuse necking - so called because its spatial extension is much larger than the sheet thickness - begins to develop in the sample when the strain hardening is no longer able to compensate for the weakening due to the reduction of the cross section. After some elongation under decreasing load, a localized neck usually appears in the region of the diffuse neck. In the localized neck, severe thinning occurs leading to ultimate failure.
This work focuses on studying the diffuse and localized necking under plane stress conditions in visco-plastic materials under dynamic loading. By means of a DOE analysis the main material parameters that influence the occurrence of local and diffuse necking were determined. A material model is then validated by systematic comparison of simulation results with physical tests carried out at different strain rates. One methodology to achieve good correlation between test and experiments is the use of a damage model. The damage model chosen by the authors is GISSMO (Generalized Incremental Stress-State dependent damage Model), due to its widespread usage in the crash community.
The GISSMO model is defined in terms of a critical plastic strain that indicates the start of damage coupling and a failure plastic strain indicating fracture, both are defined as a function of stress triaxiality. As the necking or more generally plastic instability will result in mesh dependency of the simulation results, regularization is introduced by defining both the failure plastic strain and the damage exponent as a function of the mesh size. As the spatial extension of the diffuse neck differs as a function of strain rate, one way to achieve correlation between test and simulation is to express these parameters as function of both the mesh size and the strain rate.
As consequence of the findings of this study, a number of new options were developed in the GISSMO model.
TH3.L10.1: THE NASA SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION: OVERVIEWgrssieee
The document provides an overview of the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is scheduled to launch in November 2014. SMAP's objectives are to map global soil moisture and freeze/thaw state to further understanding of water, energy and carbon cycles. It will carry radiometer and radar instruments to make high-resolution soil moisture measurements. SMAP data products will support applications in weather forecasting, climate modeling, agriculture, drought monitoring and other areas. The mission involves extensive calibration, validation and community engagement efforts.
The document evaluates the performance of the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product in estimating daily precipitation in the Central Andes region, compared to gauge measurements. It finds large biases in daily precipitation amounts from TMPA for the regions of Cuzco, Peru and La Paz, Bolivia, though strong precipitation events are generally detected. Correlation with gauge data increases significantly when aggregating TMPA estimates to longer time periods like weekly or monthly sums. Spatial aggregation has little effect on performance. The document proposes blending TMPA with daily gauge data to improve daily estimates.
DSD-INT 2016 Keynote Lecture 2016: From global to local: the latest developme...Deltares
Keynote Lecture by Martin Verlaan, Delft University of Technology & Deltares, The Netherlands at the joint Delft3D User Days and the OpenDA User Day, during Delft Software Days 2016 on Tuesday, 1 November 2016, Delft.
Das b. m._,soil_mechanics_laboratory_manual,_6th_ed,_2002Lawrence Omai
This document provides instructions for determining the specific gravity of soil solids through laboratory testing. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the weight of a given volume of soil to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is an important parameter used to calculate the weight-volume relationship of soils. The document describes the necessary equipment, including a balance and pycnometer, and the step-by-step procedure for determining specific gravity through measuring the mass of dry soil solids, water, and the soil-water mixture. Sample calculations are also provided.
Numerical Study Of Flue Gas Flow In A Multi Cyclone SeparatorIJERA Editor
The removal of harmful particulate matter from power plant flue gas is of critical importance to the environment and its inhabitants. The present work illustrates the use of multi-cyclone separators to remove the particulate matter from the bulk of the gas exhausted to the atmosphere. The method has potential to replace conventional systems like electrostatic precipitator due to inherent low power requirement and low maintenance. A parametric model may be employed to design the system based on the requirement of the power station. The present work describes the simulation of flue gas flow through a cyclonic separator. A Finite volume approach has been used and the pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Discrete phase model is used to inject solid particles from inlet. In this numerical analysis a cluster of four cyclonic separators are considered. Comparisons are made between the available experimental results and the computational work for validation of the numerical models and schemes employed in the work. The separation efficiency and particle trajectories are shown and found comparable to similar cases from literature. The experimental results correlate well for the model under consideration.
This document summarizes a trade study conducted to determine the best design for a deployable drag device to accelerate the orbital decay of upper stage launch vehicles. The trade study compared different device types (drag sails, inflatables, tethers, propulsive), launch vehicles, target orbit altitudes, desired decay times, and packaging constraints. A drag sail design was proposed as the baseline option due to its lower cost and mass efficiency compared to a propulsive option, while still meeting the design requirement of deorbiting within 25 years. A stability analysis was then conducted to determine the optimal drag sail configuration before preliminary component selection and structural analysis.
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the capabilities of the tight integration of HyperWorks and ESACompAltair
More than 3 years ago RUAG Space started to look into ways how the very powerful meshing and post-processing capabilities of Altair HyperWorks could be combined with the advanced composite failure analysis methods provided by the ESAComp software from Componeering. RUAG’s vision behind this idea was to streamline the time consuming composite analysis process by a tight integration of the two pieces of software, thus eliminating as much as possible unnecessary breaks in the data flow. Both Altair and Componeering carefully listened to RUAG’s needs and eventually it was decided to make a common effort in providing step by step the requested functionality. The initially slow process accelerated considerably when Componeering joined the Altair Partner Alliance in 2012. Today the bi-directional interface between HyperWorks and ESAComp is considered mature enough to be challenged by a demanding real world use case: the dimensioning and verification of the load carrying structure of the MetOp-SG satellite (Meteorological Operational Satellite - Second Generation). The presentation will focus on how HyperWorks and ESAComp were used to set up the finite element model, to run the quasi-static and dynamic load cases and to evaluate the results. It will be shown in which way HyperWorks and ESAComp can support the process, what the benefits of a tight integration are and which limitations still exist.
Speakers
Ralf Usinger, Product Lead Engineer Satellite Structures, RUAG Schweiz AG
This document summarizes feasibility testing for an open-path cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument to measure methane leaks from natural gas extraction and transportation. Several experiments were conducted: (1) comparing signal from ambient air vs. nitrogen gas, finding particulate scattering degraded the signal; (2) testing mirror cleanliness over time and with a purge system, finding cleanliness was maintained; (3) mobilizing the system and collecting data while driving, identifying challenges of vibrations, power needs, and ambient light shielding for mobile open-path CRDS. The research demonstrated open-path CRDS is feasible for methane leak detection despite influences of aerosols and pressure gradients, though particulate scattering and data recording during movement require
Rudolf B. Husar presented at the EPA on exceptional smoke and dust events. He discussed using diverse data like satellites, models, and real-time data in a decision support system to evaluate these events. The NAAPS aerosol model assimilates satellite data to provide the 3D structure of smoke, dust, and other aerosols. Long-term NAAPS data from 2006 to present show the vertical distribution of different aerosols. Satellite data help reduce biases between surface PM measurements and air quality models.
This document summarizes a presentation on climate data and projections focusing on limiting global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius. It discusses the work of GERICS (the Climate Service Center Germany) in developing solutions for regional climate modeling, impacts analysis, and climate adaptation toolkits. Key points covered include:
- GERICS' interdisciplinary approach to regional climate modeling, impacts assessment, and stakeholder engagement.
- The development of adaptation toolkits for cities, companies, and other sectors to facilitate climate risk assessment and planning.
- An overview of the presentation, covering topics like climate modeling techniques, accessing climate projections data, and visualizing and analyzing climate information.
Similar to Hopper-Flow of Lunar Regolith Simulants in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum (20)
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Hopper-Flow of Lunar Regolith Simulants in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum
1. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
Hopper-Flow of Lunar Regolith Simulants
in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum
Philipp Reiss, Philipp Hager, Alexander Hoehn
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
p.reiss@tum.de
05 November 2013
7th Regional Americas Conference of the ISTVS
Tampa, Florida
1
3. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Flowability Parameters
Sample mass
Sample material
27 to 46 g
JSC-1A / NU-LHT-2M
Ambient pressure
0.07 to 6.10 mbar
Inclination angle of funnel
55 / 60 / 65 / 70 / 75 deg
Gravitation
1.00 / 0.38 / 0.16 g
Outlet width of funnel
8 / 13 / 18 mm
Funnel geometry
Symmetrical / asymmetrical
Pre-consolidation
Wall friction
Electrostatic charge
Vibration
Moisture
3
3
4. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
Experiment Setup
24 hopper configurations
Sample container
(PVC, PC)
Vacuum chamber
4
4
5. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
Experiment Setup
Experiment rack
Vacuum chamber with sample containers during operation
5
5
8. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
Observations during Operation
•
Gas inclusions slow the material flow.
•
Material sticks to the walls of the sample container.
•
Sample volume expands (lower bulk density).
•
Random occurrence of arching and clogging.
•
Material flow lasts longer than one parabola (at Moon-g, ~26 s).
Exemplary
video stills:
8
8
10. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
Results and Conclusions
1.
Flow rate is proportional to gravity.
2.
Flow rate is proportional to outlet size.
3.
For constant flow rate the outlet size is inversely proportional to the gravity.
4.
Arching and clogging occurs randomly.
5.
Higher inclinations tend to lead to higher flow rates.
6.
Good repeatability and high flow rates for configurations with 65 deg, 70 deg, 8 mm, 13 mm.
7.
Best repeatability and moderate flow rate for asymmetrical configurations.
10
10
11. 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems
05 November 2013 | Tampa, Florida
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
This work was supported by:
› Project LUISE-2 (DLR grant no. 50JR1210)
› German aerospace agency (DLR)
› European Space Agency (ESA)
› Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
› Novespace
› Kayser-Threde GmbH
› IGEP at Technische Universität Braunschweig
› ILM at Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg
Philipp Reiss
Institute of Astronautics
Technische Universität München
p.reiss@tum.de
11