This document discusses quantitative data analysis and paper-and-pencil tests. It defines quantitative data analysis as analyzing numeric or category-based data that can be converted to numbers without losing meaning. Quantitative analysis is used to measure group differences, assess relationships between variables, and test hypotheses scientifically. Paper-and-pencil tests refer to assessments where candidates read questions and write responses. They can assess subject knowledge, skills, or qualifications. Developing such tests involves listing topics, specifying response formats and time limits, writing questions, and reviewing the questions and scoring guides.

1. QUANTITATIVE DATA
ANALYSIS: PAPER AND
PENCIL TEST
Dorothy Repalda & Isabel D. Guape

2. QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
Simply means analyzing
data that is number-based,
or data that can be easily
converted into numbers
without losing any
meaning.
For example: Category
based variable for
example gender, ethnicity,
or native language can be
converted into without
losing its meaning.

3. In contrast with qualitative data
analysis that focus more on words,
phrases and expressions that
cannot be converted into numbers.

4. What is
Quantitative
Analysis used
for?
Is generally used for in 3 major purposes:
• To measure differences between groups
• Example: Average heights of different people
2. To assess relationships between variable
• Example: The relationship between weather
temperature and voter turnout
3.To test hypotheses scientifically rigorous
way
Example: A hypothesis about the certain
impact of a certain vaccine

5. ◦Quantitative Data Analysis is powered
by statistical data analysis have two
branches the Descriptive and
Inferential Analysis

6. PAPER AND PENCIL TEST

7. What is Paper and
Pencil Test?
◦ Paper-and-pencil test refer to a general group of assessment
tools in which candidates read questions and respond in
writing. This includes tests, such as knowledge and ability
tests, and inventories, such as personality and interest
inventories.
◦ Paper-and-pencil tests can be used to assess subject/Course,
job-related knowledge and ability or skill qualifications.
Because many candidates can be assessed at the same time
with a paper-and-pencil test, such tests are an efficient
method of assessment.

8. Developing paper-and-pencil tests: 4 basic steps
Listing
Listing topic areas
Specifying
Specifying the
response format,
number of questions,
the time limit and
difficulty level
• What type of response
format should I choose?
• The three most common
response formats are:
Writing
Writing the questions
and developing the
scoring guide.
Reviewing
Reviewing questions
and scoring guide.

9. Below is an example of a short answer question and scoring guide designed to assess the knowledge of
Psychological tests.
◦ Question:
◦ 1. What are the 4 major characteristics of a Psychological test? (4 marks)
 Reliability
 Validity
 Norms
 Relative Power
◦ Scoring guide: 1 point each

10. Advantages of Paper-And-Pencil Test
A large number of
different topic areas can
be covered within the
same test.
The questions are easy to
score.
Paper and pencil are easily
portable and can be used
in any setting.
It is manual in nature
i.e.you don't need
electricity or batteries to
use paper and pencil.
You don’t need any
computer skills to write a
paper pencil test. The
only skills needed is
reading and writing skills.
It is very flexible and
cheap to set up.

11. Disadvantages of Paper-And-Pencil Test
It is time-consuming to write good questions.
It takes time to evaluate
There is high chances of malpractice in this type of test
There is possible human error in the grading system