The document summarizes the key components and processes of a thermal power plant. It describes how coal is pulverized and mixed with preheated air before being combusted in the boiler to generate steam. The steam then powers turbines which drive generators to produce electricity. After passing through the turbines, the steam is condensed back into water in the condenser and deaerator before being pumped back into the boiler via various heat exchangers like the economizer to improve efficiency. The plant has 8 generating units with a total capacity of 1360 MW constructed in 4 stages.

1. SAHIL ARORA
1213423
ME-B
PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION
TRAINING REPORT ON

2. INTRODUCTION
The plant has been constructed in five stages as
given below:
Stage 1: Unit-1 110 MW
Unit-2 110 MW
Stage 2:Unit-3 110MW
Unit-4 110MW
Stage 3:Unit-5 210MW
Unit-6 210MW
Stage 4:Unit-7 250MW
Unit-8 250MW
Total Generation Capacity 1360MW

3. Basic Idea of Electricity
Generation
Coal is unloaded by electric traction system at Coal Yard
Coal is crushed to finer pieces of order 20 mm
Pulverization of Coal
Coal is send to furnace with the help of FD fan
Steam is generated at 540°C and 135 kg/sq.m
Steam is send to Super heater
Superheated steam is send to turbine
Production of Electricity by the generator coupled with

5. Elements Of Thermal Power
Station
 DM Plant
 Deaerator
 Boiler feed pump
 Economizer
 Air Pre-Heater
 Boiler
 Super heater
 Turbine
 Condenser

6. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of
plant and through conveyor system collected in
hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large
metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill.
Conveyor Coal Hopper
Pulverised Mill
Wagon Tippler

7. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-
fuel mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler.
Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan

8. BOILER
A boiler or steam generator is a device used to
create steam by applying heat energy to water.
The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when
considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are
made of a web of high pressure steel tubes.
Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners
and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of
the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler
perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the
throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates
it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is
separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

9. 14 December 2017PMI Revision 009
BOILER FEED PUMP
NDE BEARING DE BEARING
SOLE PLATE
(BASE PLATE)
FOUNDATION BOLT
KEY
SLEEVE
18

10. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This
hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down
from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for
conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

11. SUPER HEATER
In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside
the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of
the furnace known as the super heater, which has an elaborate set up of tubing
where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the
tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature.
The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves
before the high pressure turbine.
Superheated steam is steam at a
temperature higher than water's boiling
point. If saturated stream is heated at
constant pressure, it increases toward
100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued
heat input will then generate
superheated steam. This will occur if
saturated steam contacts a surface with
a higher temperature. The steam is then
described as superheated by the number
of degrees it has been heated above
saturation temperature

12. STEAM TURBINE
The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it
falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low
pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense
A steam turbine is a mechanical device
that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into
rotary motion.
The steam turbine is a form of heat
engine that derives much of its
improvement in thermodynamics
efficiency through the use of multiple
stages in the expansion of the steam.

13. Type of Oil Pumps:
1. Main Oil Pump (MOP): The MOP is situated in the front bearing pedestal and supplies the entire
turbine with oil i.e. used for bearing lubrication, cooling the shaft journal and thrust bearing. It is driven
by the turbine and develops the rated discharge pressure at 90-95% rated speed. The main pump is
sized tot eh meet the normal requirements of Lubrication, Seal Oil and Governing System.
2. Auxiliary Oil Pump (AOP): It supplies the oil requirements of the turbo set during start-ups
and shutdowns. The oil pump can either be switched on manually or automatically through pressure
switches, which operate when the oil pressure drops to approximately 60% of the normal value.
The setting of the pressure switches is staggered so that one pump comes into operation
before the other one with second one remaining in reserve. The pump continues to remain available
for emergency service through the automatic control system. It is stopped after the turbo generator
set has come to full speed and main oil pump has taken over.
Turbine Oil System
Mineral oil with additives (for increasing the resistance to corrosion and aging) is used as a fluid for
actuating the governing system, lubrication of bearings and seal oil to generator seals. During normal
operation the main oil pump supplies oil at pressure 8 bar approx. to the lubrication seal oil system and
governing system. The oil system fulfills the following functions:
•Lubricating and cooling the bearings.
•Driving the hydraulic turning gear during interruption operation, on startup and shutdown.
•Jacking up the shaft at low speed.

14. 3. D.C. Emergency Oil Pump (EOP): It is standby pump, which can be started manually or automatically
through pressure switch when the tube oil pressure drops to 50% of the normal value. This happens
only when main and auxiliary pumps fail to operate or there is a break down in the electricity supply
system to the pumps. This pump should therefore be fed from station batteries. It has to be in
operation and cater to the need of bearing lubrication and cooling of journals.
4. Jacking Oil Pump (JOP): When the set is stationary, the shafts come into metallic contact with the
bottom bearing lining. The normal bearing oil supply at low speeds is unable to penetrate to these
surfaces and considerable force is required to initiate rotation of the shaft from rest. This is overcome
by forcing high pressure oil through bottom bearing shell, thereby lifting the shaft in the bearings and
allowing an oil film to form. Now shaft can be set in motion by application of considerably smaller force.
This is a high pressure and low discharge pump.

16. ROTORS

17. CONDENSER
Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to
its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is
brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower)
in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near
vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest.
Water Cooled Condenser Air Cooled Condenser

18. COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat
to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to
remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit
dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid.
Natural Draft Cooling
Tower

19. DE AREATOR
De Areator
The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater.
A deaerator is a device that is widely
used for the removal of air and other
dissolved gases from the feed water to
steam-generating boiler.

20. ECONOMISER
Economiser
Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater
powered by steam drawn from the high
pressure set, and then in the economiser
Economizer are mechanical devices
intended to reduce energy consumption, or to
perform another useful function like
preheating a fluid.
Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the
LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer
tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which
subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes.
Advantages of Economizer include
1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler
plant.
2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and
enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for
evaporation reduced considerably.

21. CHIMNEY
Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack.
A chimney is a structure for venting hot
gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or
fireplace to the outside atmosphere.
A chimney is a vertical structure for venting
hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the
outside atmosphere by means of the stack
effect. The space inside a chimney is called
aflue. The height of chimneys plays a role in
their ability to transfer flue gases using
stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at
higher altitude helps to ease down its
influence on surroundings and reduces their
concentrations in compliance with
regulatory limits.

22. SWITCHYARD
A switch yard is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,
system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low,
or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

23. CONTROL ROOM
A control room is a room serving as a centre where a large ph
facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and co

24. Thank you