This document provides information about an 8-unit coal-fired thermal power station located in Panipat, India. It details that the power station has a total capacity of 810MW generated across its 8 units, which were commissioned between 1979-2005. It requires 15,000 metric tons of coal daily and has cooling towers ranging in height from 123.5-143.5 meters. The document then proceeds to describe the various components and processes within the power station that enable the conversion of coal to electricity.

1. PARAS BHARGAVA
EEE/10/675D
PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION
TRAINING REPORT ON

2. In Thermal Power Station it has
8 units
CAPACITY 4X110MW+2X210MW+2X250MW
UNIT-1 01-11-1979
UNIT-2 27-03-1980
UNIT-3 01-01-1985
UNIT-4 11-01-1987
UNIT-5 28-03-1989
UNIT-6 04-07-2001
UNIT-7 16-10-2004
UNIT-8 02-02-2005
DAILY COAL
REQ.
15,000M.T.
HEIGHT OF COOLING
TOWERS
123.5 mtr. IN STAGE 1&2
143.5 mtr. IN STAGE 3&4
140 mtr. IN STAGE 5&6
143.5 mtr. IN STAGE 7&8

3. RADIAL CONCEPT
Central
Plant
Complex
Fuel
Electricity
Waste
Water
Chemical
Energy
Thermal
Energy
Kinetic
Energy
mechanical
Energy
Electrical
Energy

4. A coal-fired thermal power station.
1. Cooling tower. 2. Cooling water pump. 3. Transmission line (3-phase). 4. Unit
transformer (3-phase). 5. Electric generator (3-phase). 6. Low pressure turbine. 7.
Condensate extraction pump. 8. Condenser. 9. Intermediate pressure turbine. 10.
Steam governor valve. 11. High pressure turbine. 12. Deaerator. 13. Feed heater.
14. Coal conveyor. 15. Coal hopper. 16. Pulverised fuel mill. 17. Boiler drum. 18.
Ash hopper. 19. Superheater. 20. Forced draught fan. 21. Reheater. 22. Air intake.
23. Economiser. 24. Air preheater. 25. Precipitator. 26. Induced draught fan. 27.
Chimney Stack.

6. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of
plant and through conveyor system collected in
hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large
metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill.
Conveyor Coal Hopper
Pulverised Mill
Wagon Tippler

7. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-
fuel mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler.
Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan

8. BOILER
A boiler or steam generator is a device used to
create steam by applying heat energy to water.
The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when
considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are
made of a web of high pressure steel tubes.
Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners
and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of
the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler
perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the
throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates
it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is
separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

9. 4 June 2013PMI Revision 009
BOILER FEED PUMP
NDE BEARING DE BEARING
SOLE PLATE
(BASE PLATE)
FOUNDATION BOLT
KEY
SLEEVE
18

10. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This
hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down
from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for
conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

11. SUPER HEATER
In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside
the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of
the furnace known as the super heater, which has an elaborate set up of tubing
where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the
tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature.
The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves
before the high pressure turbine.
Superheated steam is steam at a
temperature higher than water's boiling
point. If saturated stream is heated at
constant pressure, it increases toward
100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued
heat input will then generate
superheated steam. This will occur if
saturated steam contacts a surface with
a higher temperature. The steam is then
described as superheated by the number
of degrees it has been heated above
saturation temperature

12. STEAM TURBINE
The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it
falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low
pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense
A steam turbine is a mechanical device
that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into
rotary motion.
The steam turbine is a form of heat
engine that derives much of its
improvement in thermodynamics
efficiency through the use of multiple
stages in the expansion of the steam.

14. ROTORS

16. CONDENSER
Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to
its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is
brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower)
in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near
vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest.
Water Cooled Condenser Air Cooled Condenser

17. COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat
to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to
remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit
dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid.
Natural Draft Cooling
Tower

18. DE AREATOR
De Areator
The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater.
A deaerator is a device that is widely
used for the removal of air and other
dissolved gases from the feed water to
steam-generating boiler.

19. ECONOMISER
Economiser
Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater
powered by steam drawn from the high
pressure set, and then in the economiser
Economizer are mechanical devices
intended to reduce energy consumption, or to
perform another useful function like
preheating a fluid.
Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the
LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer
tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which
subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes.
Advantages of Economizer include
1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler
plant.
2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and
enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for
evaporation reduced considerably.

20. Electrostatic Precipitator
Exhaust gas from the boiler is drawn by the induced draft fan through an
electrostatic precipitator
Electrostatic precipitators are mandatory installation in modern power plants to
control stack emission. Each boiler has electrostatic precipitators which
contain high voltage electrodes, these attract the pulverized fuel ash (PFA)
from the flue gases. At regular intervals the electrodes are rapped with motor-
driven hammers and the PFA falls into hoppers below.
Electrostatic precipitator is a collection
device that removes particles from a flowing
gas (such as air) using the force of an
induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic
precipitators are highly efficient filtration
devices that minimally impede the flow of
gases through the device, and can easily
remove fine particulate matter such as dust
and smoke from the air stream.

21. CHIMNEY
Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack.
A chimney is a structure for venting hot
gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or
fireplace to the outside atmosphere.
A chimney is a vertical structure for venting
hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the
outside atmosphere by means of the stack
effect. The space inside a chimney is called
aflue. The height of chimneys plays a role in
their ability to transfer flue gases using
stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at
higher altitude helps to ease down its
influence on surroundings and reduces their
concentrations in compliance with
regulatory limits.

22. SWITCHYARD
A switch yard is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,
system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low,
or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

23. It consists various devices like
1.Bus bars:- It receive power from incoming ckt& deliver
power to outgoing ckt.
2.Lightning Arrester:-It is used to protect the insulation &
conductor of system from damaging effects of lightning.
3.Isolators:- It has purpose of disconnect the power supply for
Service or maintenance.
4.Current Transformers (C.T):- A current transformer (CT) is
used for measurement of alternating electric currents.
Current transformers, together with voltage transformers
(VT)(potential transformers (PT)), are known as
instrument transformers.

24. 5. Voltage Transformer:- Potential Transformer or Voltage
Transformer are used in electrical power system for stepping
down the system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low
Ratings meters and relays.
6.Circuit Breaker:- A circuit breaker in a substation is a form of
protection, designed to break fault current (the large volume of
current that flows when a fault is detected on the system).
7.Power Transformers:- Power transformers are used in
transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and
stepdown application(400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV)
and are generally rated above 200MVA.
8.Insulators:- Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support
and separate electrical conductors without allowing current
through themselves.

25. CONTROL ROOM
A control room is a room serving as a centre where a large ph
facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and co

26. Thank You